Biomedical papers - Latest articles

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Development of Vibrio parahaemolyticus sensitive and specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with lateral flow deviceOriginal papers

Xiaoheng Liang, Dan Zhan, Xin Huang, Jinli Bi, Jinghan Li, Liqin Meng, Li Xie, Taijie Li

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2026, 170(1):62-70 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2025.007  

A rapid LAMP-LFD method was developed by combining the loop-mediated isothermal amplification technique and lateral flow device for the detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. By improving the specificity and sensitivity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus detection, it provides a rapid and convenient detection method for field and grass-roots units. To provide a new method for the diversity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus detection methods. It has promising  applications  in the detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus at the basic level.

A pilot study on the feasibility and initial outcomes of a telerehabilitation system for balance and cognitive training in older adultsOriginal papers

Milada Luisa Sedivcova, Karla Mothejlova, Karel Hana, Jan Kaspar, Aneta Buchtelova

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2026, 170(1):53-61 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2025.018  

This randomized controlled multicentric pilot study evaluated a home-based telerehabilitation system aimed at improving balance and cognitive function in older adults. The results show it is safe, user-friendly, and effective as traditional therapy, with added benefits from cognitive stimulation.

Cannabidiol-hyaluronic acid combination delivered rectally for attenuating abacterial prostatitis symptoms: Single-arm open-label pilot clinical trialOriginal papers

Vladimir Student Jr., Vaclav Repa, Jana Vrbkova, Jan Vacek

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2026, 170(1):47-52 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2026.002  

Chronic nonbacterial prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a prevalent urological disorder with a significant impact on quality-of-life. The administration of cannabidiol/hyaluronic acid based suppositories demonstrated potential symptom relief in CP/CPPS with a favourable tolerability profile.

FOXP3, IL-35, and PD-L1 in intra- and peritumoral lymphocytic infiltrate of cutaneous melanomas as an important part of antitumor immunityOriginal papers

Vladimir Zidlik, Pavel Hurnik, Yvetta Vantuchova, Simona Michalcova, Jozef Skarda, Tereza Hulinova, Dana Purova, Jiri Ehrmann

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2026, 170(1):40-46 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.040  

Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive tumors especially in its generalized form with metastases as one of the most difficult to treat cancers. Melanoma is considered an immunogenic tumor, and the status of the immune system is intensively studied in melanoma patients. It creates an immunosuppressive environment that helps tumor cells escape the host's immune response. The aim of this study was to characterize the expression of markers of ongoing immune suppression as part of the melanoma tumor microenvironment. These markers include the presence of T regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs) expressing FOXP3 protein, and local expression of the cytokine IL-35 and immune checkpoint receptor PD-L1.

Exploring acute cellular rejection in lung transplantation: insights from donor-derived cell-free DNA analysisOriginal papers

Andrea Zajacova, Majd Alkhouri, Miray Guney, Goncalo Ferrao, David Rezac, Kristyna Vyskocilova, Tereza Kotowski, Alzbeta Dutkova, Eliska Dvorackova, Robert Lischke, Libor Fila, Jan Havlin

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2026, 170(1):33-39 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2025.016  

Acute cellular rejection (ACR) is a common issue after lung transplantation, but standardized screening remains elusive. This study compared histological transbronchial biopsy assessment with donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) as a biomarker for detecting ACR. 74 samples obtained from lung transplant recipients were analysed, with ACR cases defined by histological grade and/or treatment necessity (n=10, 14%). Results showed significantly higher dd-cfDNA in ACR cases (61.2 cp/mL vs. 25.8 cp/mL in controls; P=0.04), but dd-cfDNA% and total cfDNA were not significantly different. While dd-cfDNA may help rule out ACR, further research is needed to refine its clinical application.

Blood loss in coronary artery bypass grafting on minimally invasive extracorporeal circulation - a single-centre experience and retrospective analysisOriginal papers

Jan Juchelka, Martin Simek, Dominik Sabacky, Marek Vicha, Artur Barshatskyi, Ondrej Zuscich, Martin Troubil, Roman Hajek, Jana Zapletalova, Petr Santavy

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2026, 170(1):26-32 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2025.012  

The article describes a single centre experience using the minimally invasive extracorporeal (MiECC) circulation that was modified by incorporation of coronary suction into the circuit, while maintaining the core principles of closed circuit perfusion. A detailed description of the construction of the circuit is provided. Perfusion management and the specific demands placed on the surgeon are explained in the article. The results of the retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes after utilization of this circuit in comparison to the conventional extracorporeal circulation are presented and discussed. The study focused mainly on major adverse events and blood loss comparison. The results demonstrate lower post-operative blood loss in patients operated on the MiECC circuit.

Impact of prior oral anticoagulation on admission stroke severity in patients with atrial fibrillationOriginal papers

David Franc, Daniel Sanak, Michal Kral, Martin Hutyra, Milos Taborsky, Petra Divisova, Jana Zapletalova

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2026, 170(1):20-25 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.024  

The authors conducted a large retrospective analysis of 1059 patients with ischemic stroke (IS) admitted at their stroke centre between 2012 and 2021 and who had been enrolled in the prospective HISTORY (Heart and Ischemic STrOke Relationship studY) study registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT01541163). One major aim was to assess the trend in occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and use of oral anticoagulants (OAC) in ischemic stroke patients during the last decade and to evaluate whether prior use of OAC had any impact on stroke severity in AF patients. n total, 1059 patients were analyzed. No significant increase in AF occurrence was found in IS patients between the years, but patients with known AF were substantially more frequently treated with OAC and DOAC in 2021. Patients on OAC had lower admission NIHSS scores than those without OAC in 2021.

Copeptin as a promising biomarker of cerebrovascular events: A minireviewReviews

Kamila Smolikova, Pavel Potuznik, Marek Peterka, Jakub Vejskal, Martina Pestova

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2026, 170(1):15-19 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2025.028  

Given the constant need to improve primary prevention and prediction of stroke, the aim of this mini review was to introduce the glycopeptide copeptin, which, according to available studies, shows significant potential in the diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases, including cerebrovascular events. In this regard, copeptin could become a valuable biomarker in clinical practice. It could be used as one of the prognostic and predictive biomarkers in the course of cerebrovascular events, their clinical outcome, and predicting their recurrence. This mini review includes a brief overview of the physiology of copeptin, its role in emergency care for selected cerebrovascular events with a focus on ischemic strokes, and its influence through vascular risk factors.

Diagnostics of olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease - a literature overview and case seriesReviews

Libor Vasina, Nikola Pastorkova, Oleksii Vorobiov, Karla Janouskova, Petra Dytrych, Jiri Hlozek, Sarka Musilova, Jaromir Astl, Richard Holy

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2026, 170(1):8-14 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2025.021  

This is an overview and case series on smell testing in Parkinson's disease as olfactory dysfunction is viewed as an early indicator of this disease. The authors tested olfaction both subjectively and objectively: psychophysical tests are commonly used but these tests may be inaccurate and difficult in patients with Parkinson's disease with cognitive deficits in addition to motor symptoms. Objective electrophysiological olfactory tests are important. These are the olfactory/trigeminal event-related potentials (OERPs/TERPs). In this overview, the authors also describe a series of cases that demonstrate the importance of complex smell tests.

Anticoagulation in device-detected atrial fibrillation: Challenges in stroke prevention and heart failure managementReviews

Jiri Vrtal, Jiri Plasek, Jan Vaclavik, Jozef Dodulik, David Sipula

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2026, 170(1):1-7 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2025.010  

In this review, the authors comprehensively evaluate the unique challenges associated with assessing stroke risk and determining the need for anticoagulation therapy in patients with device-detected atrial fibrillation. This condition poses diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas, given its often subclinical nature and variability in atrial fibrillation burden. The analysis places particular emphasis on findings from recently published clinical trials, which provide valuable insights into the management strategies for this patient population. Additionally, the authors explore the emerging evidence on the interplay between device-detected atrial fibrillation and heart failure.

Primary ventriculitis caused by Streptococcus intermedius - a rare case and challenge with uncertain clinical outcome. Case reportCase report

Stefan Trnka, Premysl Stejskal, Jakub Jablonsky, David Krahulik, Eva Cechakova, Lumir Hrabalek

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2025, 169(4):298-300 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.029  

This case report presents a unique instance of primary ventriculitis in a 53-year-old patient with no predisposing factors, caused by the rare pathogen Streptococcus intermedius. Despite early and targeted antibiotic therapy, the patient's condition did not improve, highlighting the challenges in managing such infections. Imaging studies and cerebrospinal fluid analysis were crucial for diagnosis, revealing significant inflammation and ventricular debris. This case emphasizes the need for further research into the treatment of primary ventriculitis, as standard therapeutic approaches may not always be effective. The findings underscore the importance of early detection and the complexity of managing central nervous system infections.

Urinary tract trauma as a predictor of acute kidney injury in severely injured patients: A retrospective analysis of observational studiesOriginal papers

Michal Frelich, Jan Pavlicek, Filip Bursa, Vojtech Vodicka, Dana Salounova, Peter Sklienka

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2025, 169(4):293-297 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.026  

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common organ dysfunctions in major trauma. Patients with multiple injuries are exposed to several risk factors for AKI, including haemorrhage, systemic inflammation, rhabdomyolysis, and secondary insults from emergency surgery and infection. Because the development of AKI is associated with multiple adverse outcomes, such as increased length of hospital stay, mortality, and total cost of healthcare, it is essential to identify all risk factors early and, in indicated cases, initiate preventive measures with the aim of reducing the incidence of AKI and subsequent complications. Although it seems intuitive that direct injury to the urinary tract would affect its function, very little is known about the risk of AKI in this setting. In this study, the authors demonstrated that injury to the urinary tract was an independent predictor of the development of AKI with an RR of 3.4 (95% CI 2.25-5.06), whereas injury to the kidneys or their vascular supply resulted in a threefold increased risk of AKI (RR = 3.1, 95% CI 1.93-4.90), and injury to the urinary passages had an RR of 4.2 (95% CI 2.70-6.46). Based on AUC ROC curve analysis, the authors found that NGAL levels measured within 24 h of admission were a reliable predictor of AKI only in patients without urinary tract injury.

The role of Fetuin-A and Leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein in the diagnosis of prostate cancer - a pilot studyOriginal papers

Alena Sorokac Kubolkova, Gabriel Varga, Miroslava Benovska, Lenka Kovacova, Michal Fedorko

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2025, 169(4):288-292 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.028  

In recent years, several studies have been conducted to develop different biomarkers of prostate cancer with high sensitivity and specificity. Minimal studies have so far focused on Fetuin-A and Leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein (LRG1) as potential biomarkers for prostate cancer. This article reports on these 2 potential biomarkers, that have been investigated in their department and can help in future screening for early detection and diagnosis, reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies, assess the risk of aggressive disease, and monitor response to prostate cancer treatment. Through this study, Fetuin-A has proven to be a potential new biomarker for prostate cancer.

Comparison of myocardial perfusion study and invasive hemodynamic measurement of the significance of non-infarct-related residual stenoses in ST elevation myocardial infarction patientsOriginal papers

Jan Vacha, Miloslav Spacek, Milan Kaminek, Martin Hutyra, Radomir Nykl, Martin Sluka, Milos Taborsky

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2025, 169(4):281-287 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.021  

The authors present the results of their study focused on patients with acute STEMI and multivessel coronary artery disease. Fractional flow reserve (FFR) guided staged intervention of the so far silent non-IRA lesions (50-90%) was performed 4-8 weeks after STEMI closely preceded by myocardial perfusion study (MPS). We offer a comparative analysis of these methods within real-world scenarios. The major finding was that they observed weak correlation in ischemia detection between MPS using SPECT and invasive hemodynamic measurement using FFR. In patients with abnormal myocardium detected by MPS significantly lower FFR values were observed in the non-IRAs compared to patients with negative MPS studies. Further studies are needed to guide the optimal treatment strategy in such patients.

Association of biomarkers of cardiac remodeling, myocardial fibrosis and inflammation with parameters of heart function and structure in patients with arterial hypertensionOriginal papers

Tana Andreasova, Filip Malek, Zuzana Jiraskova Zakostelska, Petr Neuzil, Jana Vranova

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2025, 169(4):272-280 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.036  

The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of cardiac biomarkers levels with the parameters of cardiac structure and function in the patients with arterial hypertension. Patients with arterial hypertension, normal left ventricular ejection fraction and absence of signs of heart failure were included in the study. Biomarker of cardiac remodeling (NT-proBNP) correlated with the parameters of left ventricular diastolic function and biomarkers involved in myocardial fibrosis (sST2) correlated with parameters of cardiac structure and were associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (sST2 and TIMP-1).

Transcriptomic analysis reveals distinct molecular signatures and regulatory networks of osteoarthritic chondrocytes versus mesenchymal stem cells during chondrogenesisOriginal papers

Tsung-Yu Lin, Viraj Krishna Mishra, Rajni Dubey, Thakur Prasad Chaturvedi, Shankar Narayan A, Hsu-Wei Fang, Lung-Wen Tsai, Navneet Kumar Dubey

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2025, 169(4):262-271 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2025.008  

This bioinformatics study aimed to determine differentially expressed genes (DEGs) patterns of knee osteoarthritis chondrocytes versus human bone marrow stem cells towards chondrogenic commitment. We identified 43 DEGs (15 downregulated and 28 upregulated) and enriched pathways, which revealed the enrichment of complement and coagulation cascades and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy pathways for upregulated and downregulated DEGs, respectively. Hub networks identified the top 5 hub genes, including CLU, PLAT, CP, TIMP3, and SERPINA1.

Unveiling the complexity of neurofibromatosis type 1: Innovations in genetic understanding and clinical management. A narrative reviewReviews

Aurora Jurca, Simona Pop, Claudia Maria Jurca, Cosmin Mihai Vesa, Alexandru Daniel Jurca

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2025, 169(4):255-261 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2025.011  

This narrative review offers a unique perspective on recent advances in the genetics, diagnosis, and management of neurofibromatosis type 1. Unlike previous studies, it incorporates the updated 2021 NIH criteria, emphasizing the role of genetic testing for early diagnosis and personalized treatment. The article highlights genotype-phenotype correlations, the impact of specific mutations on disease severity, and the need for continuous monitoring. It also covers less commonly addressed aspects, such as the increased breast cancer risk in women with NF1, emerging therapies like MEK inhibitors, and the importance of tailored surveillance, making it a valuable contribution to NF1 management.

Vitreous proteomics in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and proliferative vitreoretinopathyReviews

Jan Havlik, Martin Lada, Jan Tesar, Vladimir Kratky, Martin Sin

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2025, 169(4):247-254 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2025.015  

Proteomic analysis of the vitreous has unveiled critical molecular mechanisms underlying retinal pathologies, highlighting novel therapeutic opportunities. This study explores the dynamic protein changes associated with detachment-induced photoreceptor degeneration, metabolic stress, and inflammation. Key findings reveal altered glycolytic enzymes, antioxidant depletion, and cytokine dysregulation, underscoring their roles in cellular damage and repair. The review emphasizes the transformative potential of advanced proteomics, such as data-independent acquisition and exosome profiling, in identifying biomarkers and therapeutic targets, paving the way for precision medicine in combating vision-threatening conditions.

Mitochondria in focus: From structure and function to their role in human diseases. A reviewReviews

Daniel Follprecht, Jakub Vavricka, Viktorie Johankova, Pavel Broz, Ales Krouzecky

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2025, 169(4):235-246 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2025.009  

This work provides an in-depth exploration of mitochondrial functions beyond energy production, highlighting their essential roles in cellular processes, signaling, and health maintenance. By emphasizing recent advances in mitochondrial research, the manuscript underscores the impact of mitochondria in aging, disease, and exercise, offering valuable insights that could guide therapeutic strategies for enhancing mitochondrial health and longevity

Schwannoma of the phrenic nerve. A case reportCase report

Josef Chudacek, Tomas Bohanes, Marek Szkorupa, Martin Stasek, Jan Hanuliak, Daniela Skanderova, Dusan Klos

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2025, 169(3):232-234 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.011  

Neurogenic tumors are the third most common type of tumors in the mediastinum, often found in the posterior area but sometimes in the middle mediastinum. The case described involved a male with a middle mediastinum tumor, undiagnosable via biopsy due to its location. Surgery removed the tumor and phrenic nerve, confirming a low-activity schwannoma. Diagnosis of such tumors is challenging though surgical removal is viable for circumscribed tumors. Minimally invasive surgery is preferred, offering fewer complications and quick recovery.

Surgical therapy in advanced sinonasal carcinomas - retrospective studyOriginal papers

Lumír Hrabalek, Vlastimil Novak, Jiri Hoza, Csaba Hucko, Miroslav Vaverka, David Krahulik, Daniel Pohlodek

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2025, 169(3):226-231 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.020  

In this retrospective study, the authors assessed patients with an advanced sinonasal tumor treated with a surgical technique combining a frontal transbasal approach and endoscopic endonasal approach. The cohort consisted of ten patients. Complete resection (R0) was achieved in 8 cases (80%) and subcomplete resection in two (20%). In patients who died, the overall survival averaged 17.5 months (5-36 months). In surviving patients the average length of the follow up is 30.5 months (12-59). A combined endoscopic and transbasal approach presents an advantageous surgical strategy as it allows for greater radicality, reliable skull base reconstruction and reduces the need for extensive cranial approaches.

Comparison of the efficacy of cisplatin and carboplatin in combination with etoposide in firstline treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer in real-world practice in the Czech Republic - a retrospective analysis of patients from the LUCAS projectOriginal papers

Alzbeta Bejckova, Miloslav Marel, Zdenka Chladkova, Libor Fila, Luis Fernando Casas-Mendez, Ondrej Venclicek, Petr Jakubec, Marketa Cernovska, Michal Hrnciarik, Jana Krejci, Petr Domecky, Martin Svaton

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2025, 169(3):218-225 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.019  

The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in the efficacy of palliative treatment depending on the use of ­cisplatin or carboplatin in combination with etoposide in patients with ES-SCLC in real-world practice in the Czech Republic. The authors performed a retrospective analysis of a cohort of 348 patients from the LUCAS project with ESSCLC. 79 patients were treated with etoposide plus cisplatin and 265 were treated with etoposide plus carboplatin. No statistically significant difference in mOS or mPFS was found depending on the use of carboplatin or cisplatin in combination with etoposide. In the subgroup analysis according to age and performance status (PS), no statistically significant difference in mOS was found either.

Awareness and knowledge of diabetic retinopathy in diabetics and non-diabetics: A descriptive cross-sectional studyOriginal papers

Diala Walid Abu-Hassan, Mona Freihat, Ibraheem Saleh, Iman Aolymat, Manar Zraikat, Muawyah Dawoud Al-Bdour

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2025, 169(3):210-217 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2025.002  

A high awareness level of diabetic retinopathy was found among Jordanians but the knowledge level is only average. More focus on enhancing knowledge level of diabetic retinopathy should be a priority. With an increase in the educational level of Jordanians and other populations, awareness has increased though information/ education should be improved, particularly information from medical professionals. Enrichment of the social media and internet websites with evidence-based information about diseases by medical professionals may help in improving the situation. The authors assessed the knowledge of diabetic complications among unaffected individuals. This may assist in improving the general knowledge about DR and may also help in preventing diabetes.

Effect of treatment with carteolol and latanoprost in newly diagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma on peripapillary vessel densityOriginal papers

Jan Lestak, Martin Fus, Sarka Pitrova

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2025, 169(3):203-209 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.010  

This work evaluates the effect of carteolol and latanoprost on vessel density in the peripapillary area of the optic nerve head. These drugs were chosen for two reasons: latanoprost is recommended by the European Glaucoma Society as the first-line drug for glaucoma. Carteolol works on a different principle but should not have any ischemic effect on the vascular system of the eye. In a previous study, during a 5-year follow-up of patients receiving beta-blockers (carteolol) and prostaglandins (latanoprost), the authors demonstrated a greater progression of visual field changes with prostaglandins than with beta-blockers. This led them, with the introduction of OCT angiography, to investigate whether they could detect changes in the vessels of the posterior pole of the eye in early-stage and newly diagnosed cases of primary open-angle glaucoma. The results showed that only patients treated with carteolol experienced a statistically significant improvement in vessel density.

Enhancing the utility of chromosome 6 and 8 testing in uveal melanoma biopsiesOriginal papers

Veronika Matuskova, Pavla Hornackova, Marek Michalec, Lenka Zlamalikova, Kvetoslava Matulova, Michal Uher

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2025, 169(3):196-202 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.018  

This article addresses the issue of chromosomal testing in patients with uveal melanoma. It is currently the only examination that can predict the development of metastases in patients with malignant uveal melanoma. The significance of chromosome 3 testing is unequivocal. This article deals with the testing of chromosomes 6 and 8 and their importance in predicting metastatic involvement. In a retrospective study, a cohort of 54 patients underwent testing of melanoma chromosome 6 and 8 from enucleated eyes. The authors demonstrated the importance of chromosome 8 abnormalities in patients without monosomy 3. The gain of chromosome 8, in fact, overturns the favourable prognosis of disomy 3. Currently, for the first time in the history of ophthalmology, a drug has been approved that extends survival in metastatic uveal melanoma. Chromosomal testing in samples of malignant melanoma is gaining significance.

Association of controlling nutritional status score and long-term mortality in acute pulmonary embolismOriginal papers

Kamuran Kalkan, Cagatay Tunca, Veysel Ozan Tanik

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2025, 169(3):188-195 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2025.019  

This study evaluates the prognostic relevance of the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score in long-term mortality among patients with pulmonary embolism (PE). By integrating serum albumin, total cholesterol, and lymphocyte count, the CONUT score provides a comprehensive assessment of nutritional and immunological status. The findings suggest that the CONUT score may offer valuable insights for long-term risk stratification in PE, complementing existing clinical and biomarker-based approaches.

Dysfibrinogenemia and hypofibrinogenemia - Spectrum of pathogenic variants in Slovak patientsOriginal papers

Dominika Jaraskova, Jan Chandoga, Angelika Batorova, Tatiana Prigancova, Miriama Juhosova, Pavol Durina, Alzbeta Vavrova, Silvia Dallemule, Robert Petrovic, Anna Kyselova, Denisa Jankovicova, Daniel Bohmer

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2025, 169(3):179-187 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.025  

Congenital hypofibrinogenemia (CH) and congenital dysfibrinogenemia (CD) are rare coagulation disorders caused by quantitative or qualitative defects in the fibrinogen gene. In this study, the authors, working to identify genetic variants and expanding knowledge about genetic variants in Slovak patients with congenital fibrinogen disorders registered at the National Haemophilia Centre. Molecular-genetic analysis have revealed six novel variants in 36 patients - FGA c.923_968dup p.(Gly324Lysfs*44) and FGG c.1105C>T p.(His369Tyr) were identified in CD patients. In CH patients, in the FGG gene c.8G>A p.(Trp3*), c.823G>T p.(Glu275*) and c.323C>A p.(Ala108Asp) variants were detected. In the FGB gene c.1427C>T p.(Ser476Leu) was identified.

Unveiling the predictive power of biomarkers in traumatic brain injury: A narrative review focused on clinical outcomesReviews

Sitao Liang, Zihui Hu

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2025, 169(3):161-178 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.038  

This review explores novel insights into the use of biomarkers for traumatic brain injury (TBI) prognosis and management. By examining emerging evidence on neuronal injury, inflammation, extracellular vesicles and non-coding RNAs, it underscores their potential in predicting clinical outcomes such as recovery and cognitive impairment. The work bridges a critical gap between basic research and clinical application, offering a comprehensive perspective on advancing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for TBI.

Contemporary review of prognostic markers of prostate cancer from a pathologist perspectiveReviews

Martin Elias, Jan Bouchal, Milan Kral, Daniela Kurfurstova

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2025, 169(3):149-160 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2025.003  

There is a current need to better stratify patient prognosis following histological evaluation for prostate cancer in order to optimise therapy decisions. In this article, the authors provide an overview of some recently discussed putative prognostic markers. These include the immunohistochemical stains PSA, PSMA, Ki67, PD-L1, CDK19, PTPN12, EZH2 and E-cadherin and the genes TMPRSS2:ERG, SPOP, IDH-1, PTEN, TP53, RB1, CHD1 and SPINK1, the androgen receptor, BRCA1 and BRCA2, ATM, MYC and CCND1. The results are not easy to interpret due to wide variations in a number of key variables. Overall, the Gleason score is still the most widely used and most validated of the prognostic markers. Ki67 and PTEN are the most promising.

Macular pigment evaluation using dual-wavelength fundus auto-fluorescence imagingOriginal papers

Patrik Rajs, Ivana Liehneova, Zbynek Stranak

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2025, 169(2):144-148 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.051  

This study aimed to investigate changes in fundus autofluorescence in patients taking daily lutein oral supplements and to develop image processing methods for follow-up evaluations of the images. Dual wavelength fundus autofluorescence is a valuable technique for macular pigment evaluation in follow-up examinations, utilizing software image post-processing with commonly available hardware.