Biomedical papers, 2024 (vol. 168), issue 4
Reviews
Exploring the benefits and challenges of AI-driven large language models in gastroenterology: Think out of the box
Jan Kral, Michal Hradis, Marek Buzga, Lumir Kunovsky
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(4):277-283 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.027 
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has evolved significantly from its early concepts in the 1950s to today's advanced large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT. This technology has the potential to revolutionize gastroenterology, including diagnosis, treatment, education, and decision-making support. The benefits to gastroenterology include accelerating diagnosis and treatment, providing personalized care, enhancing education, aiding decision-making, and improving patient communication. However, challenges like limited AI capability, biased data, errors, security and privacy concerns, and costs must be addressed. The future of LLMs in gastroenterology depends on processing large quantities of data, identifying patterns, and assisting in personalized treatment plans. Collaboration between AI developers, healthcare professionals, and regulatory bodies is essential for responsible use, ensuring LLMs support doctors and contribute to better patient care.
Acute pancreatitis as a risk factor of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. An overview
David Solil, Petr Dite, Michal Senkyrik, Martina Bojkova, Bohuslav Kianicka
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(4):284-287 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.023
Early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and successful treatment is difficult. The optimization strategy is linked to identifying the specific subgroups of pancreatitis. To improve prognosis, it is crucial to identify patients at risk, in other words patients following acute pancreatitis and those with recurrent acute pancreatitis. The risk for pancreatic cancer development is very high in patients who are positive for other risk factors such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, alcohol abuse, smoking etc.
Original papers
S100B protein as a biomarker and predictor in traumatic brain injury
Stefan Trnka, Premysl Stejskal, Jakub Jablonsky, David Krahulik, Daniel Pohlodek, Lumir Hrabalek
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(4):288-294 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.025
Despite the known value of using S100B protein for its prognostic potential in cases of traumatic brain injury, the findings of this study are that the correlations between selected internal diseases, body habitus, season and S100B protein are not confirmed in TBI patients. Conversely, when interpreting the results of patients with polytrauma, it is important to remember that the S100B protein value is modified in this instance. A benefit that cannot be overlooked is that the S100B values are associated with good patient prognosis, offering therapeutic advantages in addition to the prognostic ones.
Safety and efficacy of simple training protocol in patients after mild traumatic brain injury
Martina Martinikova, Robert Ruzinak, Petra Hnilicova, Michal Bittsansky, Marian Grendar, Lucia Babalova, Pavol Skacik, Ema Kantorova, Vladimir Nosal, Monika Turcanova Koprusakova, Jozef Sivak, Jana Sivakova, Zuzana Biringerova, Branislav Kolarovszki, Kamil Zelenak, Egon Kurca, Stefan Sivak
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(4):295-303 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.013
In this paper, the authors show that simple physical and cognitive training after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can be positive for the brain and its functions and help in the prevention of post-concussion syndrome. This can lead to the decreased economic burden of mTBI, and individual training can be performed without professional supervision.
Comparison of dose length product and image quality of a biphasic whole-body polytrauma CT protocol with and without the automatic tube voltage selection
David Girsa, Karin Kremenova, Jiri Lukavsky, Lucie Sukupova, Hana Malikova
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(4):304-310 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.004
This work has shown that in terms of reducing the radiation load of the two-phase whole-body CT protocol used in the examination of polytraumatic patients, there is no difference whether we use only the function of automatic current modulation on the X-ray tube, or its combination with the function of automatic voltage selection. In the case of a combination of both functions, the image quality drops slightly. Significantly more important for the radiation load is the position of the patient's arms during the examination: if the arms are in the scanned volume along the body, the radiation load is significantly higher in both examined groups.
The renoprotective effect of Tibolone in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury
Ejder Saylav Bora, Duygu Burcu Arda, Oytun Erbas
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(4):311-318 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.016
This study breaks new ground by investigating Tibolone’s potential as a therapeutic agent in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), an area largely unexplored previously. By delving into Tibolone’s effects on biomarkers like SIRT1 and YAP, as well as its impact on inflammatory and oxidative processes, it sheds light on its promising role in mitigating renal damage. The findings underscore Tibolone’s potential as a novel intervention for sepsis-associated AKI, urging further research for translational application in clinical settings.
Gamma-glutamyltransferase-associated glycoprotein patterns in human seminal plasma of normozoospermic men: a new aspect of biomarker heterogeneity
Tamara Jankovic, Jelena Danilovic Lukovic, Sanja Goc, Ninoslav Mitic, Ljiljana Hajdukovic, Miroslava Jankovic
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(4):319-325 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.031
Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is implicated in a variety of diseases, but it is not extensively studied in relation to reproductive physiology. An increase in GGT activity is associated with alterations in a specific fractional pattern of distinct molecular mass forms. In this study, seminal GGT forms were estimated and, for the first time, annotated with underlying patterns of sialylated and mannosylated glycoproteins. The GGT-associated glycoprotein patterns were established as an adjunct reference parameter to differentiate between known GGT molecular mass forms. These emerge as new targets for evaluation of its biomarker potential.
Fetal magnetic resonance imaging in the confirmation of congenital anomalies found on routine mid-trimester ultrasound
Ishraq Dhaifalah, Marek Godava, Jana Havalova, Pavla Hanzlikova, Kamila Michalkova, Lenka Bakaj Zbrozkova, Jakub Civrny, Howard Cuckle
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(4):326-331 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.008
Most pregnant women are offered a routine ultrasound scan during the second trimester of pregnancy in order to detect fetal anomalies. In some cases, an anomaly suspected by ultrasound requires referral for a fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination in order to clarify the diagnosis. In this study a large series of such referrals was assessed, accounting for one in six women with a fetal anomaly on ultrasound. In general, the MRI findings supported the scan results but this varied according to the type of anomaly. This concordance was very high for anomalies of the urinary tract and face.
The association between preterm births and assisted reproductive technologies
Anna Stastna, Eva Waldaufova, Tomas Fait
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(4):332-341 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.039
While assisted reproductive technology (ART) offers hope to millions of couples worldwide in overcoming infertility, it also attracts attention to investigating the health outcomes of mothers and their children. Using Cox regression models, this study compares preterm birth risk between ART-assisted singleton pregnancies (in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) with fresh embryo transfer, frozen embryo transfer (FET) and oocyte receipt (OoR)) with non-ART singleton pregnancies. The results show a higher preterm birth risk in ART-treated women (1.56 to 2.06 depending on the ART method) compared to women without ART treatment. However, no statistically significant differences were found in the risk of preterm birth among ART-treated mothers based on specific ART methods.
Occult fractures detected on radiographs in young children with a concern for abusive head trauma
Eliska Popelova, Zuzana Holubova, Marcela Dvorakova, Martin Kyncl
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(4):342-348 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.018
Identifying infants and toddlers with abusive head trauma is challenging. Finding any evidence of trauma in these children is therefore very important. Dedicated skeletal radiographs of the whole skeleton should be performed in all children younger than two years evaluated for possible abuse. Our study showed that dedicated skeletal radiographs were only performed in 62% of children younger than two years evaluated for suspected abusive head trauma. Clinically occult fractures were revealed in 31% of these children. Moreover, the majority of these fractures had high specificity for abuse. Attention should be paid to increasing awareness of child abuse imaging protocols.
Life expectancy in glioblastoma patients who had undergone stereotactic biopsy: a retrospective single-center study
Matej Halaj, Ondrej Kalita, Lucie Tuckova, Lumir Hrabalek, Martin Dolezel, Jana Vrbkova
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(4):349-353 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.030
Progress in the of diagnostic and neurosurgical techniques of the last decade have enabled even safe resection of suspected GBMs located in eloquent brain regions. Currently, patients indicated for only the needle biopsy represent a minority group with a common poor prognosis. The purpose of stereotactic biopsy is to obviate misdiagnosis and to choose the optimal treatment strategy. The aim of this paper is to evaluate life expectancy in patients with GBM confirmed by needle biopsy and the relationship with the following oncotherapy. Patients in this study who had undergone oncotherapy, had a slight increase in overall survival. The effect of this treatment was enhanced in patients with favourable clinical factors such as age and Karnofsky score.
Case report
Postcovid Guillain-Barré syndrome with severe course - case series two patients including clinical evaluation of smell and examination of olfactory event-related potentials (OERPs)
Nikola Pastorkova, Karla Janouskova, Libor Vasina, Helene Schulz, Jaromir Astl, Richard Holy
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(4):354-358 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.014
This work presents case reports of two patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with previous COVID19 that both patients survived. The sense of smell was investigated subjectively using sniffin' stick tests and objectively using objective olfactometry by the evaluation of olfactory event-related potentials (OERPs). Despite the severe course of post-covid GBS, no olfactory disturbance was detected. Both patients had good results on the smell tests. OERPs were plentiful in both cases.
This issue was published with support of Roche and Janssen-Cilag s.r.o. companies
