Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2015, 159(3):480-488 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2014.022

Allergic contact dermatitis and changes in the frequency of the causative allergens demonstrated with patch testing in 2008-2012

Martin Tichy, Iva Karlova
Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic

Background: The frequency of contact allergens is often regionally different and hence it regional identification is important for the prevention of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD).

Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the most common contact allergens in the etiology of ACD from 2008-2012 and evaluate their dynamics in comparison with similar studies in the Czech Republic and internationally carried out in previous years.

Methods: A total of 1941 patients with suspected ACD were examined using the patch tests from the European Standard Series. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results: The most common contact allergy was to nickel (15.4%), the second most frequent allergen was Balsam of Peru (11.6%). The top five allergens in the whole sample also included, in descending order, fragrance-mix I (7.1%), cobalt chloride (6.4%), and Kathon CG (4.0%). While the order of contact allergens causing sensitisation in women is consistent with the results of the whole sample, in men instead of cobalt and Kathon CG, epoxy resin and chromium appeared among the five most common allergens.

Conclusions: In the Czech Republic, despite existing EU legislation, action to reduce the frequency of sensitization to nickel failed in contrast to other EU countries. In addition to nickel, consistent preventive measures should be focused mainly on sensitization to Balsam of Peru, cobalt, epoxy resins, chromium and aromatic substances and preservatives used in the cosmetic industry.

Keywords: balsam of peru, chromium, cobalt, contact dermatitis, epoxy resin, fragrance-mix I, Kathon CG, nickel, patch tests

Received: December 11, 2013; Accepted: April 16, 2014; Prepublished online: May 30, 2014; Published: September 30, 2015  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Tichy, M., & Karlova, I. (2015). Allergic contact dermatitis and changes in the frequency of the causative allergens demonstrated with patch testing in 2008-2012. Biomedical papers, 159(3), 480-488. doi: 10.5507/bp.2014.022
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Rietschel RL, Fowler JF jr. Fisher's Contact Dermatitis, 5th ed Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams§Wilkins;2001.
    2. Machovcova A, Dastychova E, Kostalova D, Vojtechovska A, Reslova J, Smejkalova D, Vaneckova J, Vocilkova A. Common contact sensitizers in Czech Republic. Patch test results in 12 058 patients with suspected contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2005;53:162-6. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    3. Akasya-Hillebrand E, Ozkaya-Bayazit E. Patch test result in 524 patients with suspected contact dermatitis in Turkey. Contact Dermatitis 2002;46:17-23. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    4. Dotterud LK, Smith-Sivertsen T. Allergic contact sensitization in the general adult population: a population-based study from Northern Norway. Contact Dermatitis 2007;56:10-5. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    5. Carlsen BCh, Menne T, Johansen JD. 20 years of standard patch testing in an eczema population with focus on patients with multiple contact allergies. Contact Dermatitis 2007;57:76-83. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    6. Thyssen JP, Linneberg A, Menne T, Johansen JD. The epidemiology of contact Allergy in the general population - prevalence and main findings. Contact Dermatitis 2007;57:287-99. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    7. Vocilkova A, Dastychova E, Dobesova J, Horazdovsky J, Kostalova D, Machackova J, Reslova J, Vaneckova J. Analysis of Results of Standard Patch Tests in the Czech Republic. Čes-slov Derm 1995;70(3):125-8.
    8. Lazarov A. European Standard Series patch test results from a contact dermatitis clinic in Israel during the 7-year period from 1998 to 2004. Contact Dermatitis 2006;55:73-6. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    9. Rui F, Bovenzi M, Prodi A, Fortina AB, Romano I, Corradin MT, Filon FL. Nickel, chromium and cobalt sensitization in a patch test population in north-eastern Italy (1996-2010). Contact Dermatitis 2012;68:23-31. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    10. Liden C. Legislative and preventive measures related to contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2001;44:65-9. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    11. Thyssen JP. Nickel and cobalt allergy before and after nickel regulation - evaluation of a public health intervention. Contact Dermatitis 2011;65:1-68. Go to original source...
    12. Thyssen JP, Johansen JD, Carlsen BC, Menné T. Prevalence of nickel and cobalt allergy among female patients with dermatitis before and after Danish government regulation: a 23-year retrospective study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009;61:799-805. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    13. Schnuch A, Uter W. Decrease in nickel Allergy in Germany and regulatory interventions. Contact Dermatitis 2003;49:107-8. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    14. Jankicevic J, Vesic S, Vukicevic, Gajic M, Adamic M, Pavlovic MD. Contact sensitivity in patients with venous leg ulcers in Serbia: comparison with contact dermatitis patients and relationship to ulcer duration. Contact Dermatitis 2008;58:32-6. Go to PubMed...
    15. Necas M, Dastychova E. Contact sensitization in patients with lower extremity dermatitis in the South Moravian region, Czech Republic. Phlebology 2010;25:132-7. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    16. Tavadia S, Bianchi J, Dawe RS, Mcevoy M, Wiggins E, Hamill E, Urcelay M, Strong AMM, Douglas WS. Allergic contact dermatitis in venous leg ulcer patients. Contact dermatitis 2003;48:261-5. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    17. Thyssen JP, Carlsen BC, Menné T, Johansen JD. Trends of contact allergy to fragrance-mix I and Myroxylon pereirae among Danish eczema patients tested between 1985 and 2007. Contact Dermatitis 2008;59:238-44. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    18. Dastychova E, Dobesova J, Horazdovsky J, Hromadkova R, Janatova H, Karlova I, Keznikl F, Kostalova D, Kulikova Z, Machovcova A, Makhoul M, Necas M, Nemcova H, Novak M, Novak M, Pospisilova V, Reslova J, Rehor I, Schmiedbergerova R, Stuchlik D, Sich J, Vaicova M, Vaneckova J, Vocilkova A, Vojtechovska A, Zemlickova M. Trends in the development of contact sensitivity to selected additives of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products in the Czech Republic. Ces-slov Derm 2013;88:73-8.
    19. Fewings J, Menné T. An update of the risk assessment for methylchlorisothiazoline /methylisothiazoline (MCI/MI) with focus on rinse-off product. Contact Dermatitis 1999;41:1-13. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    20. Bangsgaard N, Thyssen JP, Menné T, Andersen KE, Mortz ChG, Paulsen E, Sommerlund M, Veien NK, Laurberg G, Kaaber K, Thormann J, Andersen BL, Danielsen A, Avnstorp Ch, Kristensen B, Kristensen O, Vissing S, Nielsen NH, Johansen JD. Contact allergy to epoxy resin: risk occupations and consequences. Contact Dermatitis 2012;67:73-7. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    21. Jolanki R, Kanerva L, Estlander T, Tarvainen K, Keskinen H, Henricks-Eckerman ML. Occupational dermatoses from epoxy resin compounds. Contact dermatitis 1990;23:172-83. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    22. Kanerva L, Estlander T, Keskinen H, Jolanki R. Occupational allergic airborne contact dermatitis and: 172-183 delayed bronchial asthma from epoxy resin revealed by bronchial provocation test. Eur J Dermatol 2000;10:475-7.
    23. Machado S, Silva E, Sanches M, Massa A. Occupational airborne contact dermatitis. Am J Contact Dermat 2003;14:31-2. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    24. Gier J, Krautheim A, Uter W, Lessmann H, Schnuch A. Occupational contact allergy in the building trade in Germany: influence of preventive measures and changing exposure. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2011;84:403-11. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...

    Return to the content