Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2021, 165(2):103-112 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2021.002

Premotor Parkinson's disease: Overview of clinical symptoms and current diagnostic methods

Michaela Kaiserovaa, Zuzana Grambalovaa, Sandra Kurcovaa, Pavel Otrubaa, Hana Prikrylova Vranovab, Katerina Mensikovaa, Petr Kanovskya
a Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
b Neurology Outpatient Clinic "St. Moritz", Olomouc, Czech Republic

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by typical motor symptoms. However, recent studies show several non-motor features that may precede the development of the motor symptoms of PD. The best known premotor symptoms include hyposmia, REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), constipation, and depression; other symptoms are excessive daytime somnolence, orthostatic hypotension and symptomatic hypotension, erectile or urinary dysfunction, musculoskeletal symptoms, pain, and global cognitive deficit. In this review, we summarize currently available diagnostic methods for these symptoms. We also briefly summarize neuroimaging, polyneuropathy, peripheral markers, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers that may be used in the early diagnosis of PD.

Keywords: Parkinson's disease, premotor symptoms, diagnostic methods

Received: October 27, 2020; Revised: December 20, 2020; Accepted: January 7, 2021; Prepublished online: February 4, 2021; Published: June 10, 2021  Show citation

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Kaiserova, M., Grambalova, Z., Kurcova, S., Otruba, P., Prikrylova Vranova, H., Mensikova, K., & Kanovsky, P. (2021). Premotor Parkinson's disease: Overview of clinical symptoms and current diagnostic methods. Biomedical papers, 165(2), 103-112. doi: 10.5507/bp.2021.002
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