Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2019, 163(1):28-38 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2018.070

Molecular mechanisms of polymyxin resistance and detection of mcr genes

Patrik Mlynarcik, Milan Kolar
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic

Antibiotic resistance is an ever-increasing global problem. Major commercial antibiotics often fail to fight common bacteria, and some pathogens have become multi-resistant. Polymyxins are potent bactericidal antibiotics against gram-negative bacteria. Known resistance to polymyxin includes intrinsic, mutational and adaptive mechanisms, with the recently described horizontally acquired resistance mechanisms. In this review, we present several strategies for bacteria to develop enhanced resistance to polymyxins, focusing on changes in the outer membrane, efflux and other resistance determinants. Better understanding of the genes involved in polymyxin resistance may pave the way for the development of new and effective antimicrobial agents. We also report novel in silico tested primers for PCR assay that may be able distinguish colistin-resistant isolates carrying the plasmid-encoded mcr genes and will assist in combating the spread of colistin resistance in bacteria.

Keywords: polymyxin, colistin, resistance, LPS

Received: May 21, 2018; Accepted: October 26, 2018; Prepublished online: November 15, 2018; Published: February 18, 2019  Show citation

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Mlynarcik, P., & Kolar, M. (2019). Molecular mechanisms of polymyxin resistance and detection of mcr genes. Biomedical papers, 163(1), 28-38. doi: 10.5507/bp.2018.070
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