Biomedical papers - Latest articles

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CCL2, CCL8, CXCL12 chemokines in resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)Original papers

Marie Drosslerova, Martina Sterclova, Alice Taskova, Vladislav Hytych, Eva Richterova, Magdalena Bruzova, Miloslav Spunda, Martin Komarc, Martina Koziar Vasakova

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(4):335-339 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.050  

Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer in the world. It is unclear whether the concentrations of chemokines at the time of NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer) diagnosis differ from healthy controls and reflect the extent of NSCLC. This study focuses on chemokine concentrations in the plasma of patients with resectable NSCLC vs healthy individuals and chemokine concentrations according to stage of NSCLC.

Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with endocrine disordersReviews

Renata Pomahacova, Petra Paterova, Eva Nykodymova, Petr Polak, Eva Sladkova, Eva Skalicka, Josef Sykora

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(4):328-334 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.036  

This article describes endocrine disorders which may play a role in the etiology of obesity in childhood. Though these are uncommon in overweight and obese children, late diagnosis may be associated with high morbidity or rarely, mortality. The authors describe the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the development of some forms of obesity in childhood and related clinical, diagnostic and management issues including factors such as growth patterns and BMI charts leading to the diagnosis of these conditions. Timely diagnosis of endocrinopathy and prompt treatment are necessary.

Current status and future perspectives of oral HPV testing in the diagnosis and monitoring of oropharyngeal cancer. A reviewReviews

Zuzana Horákova, Ivo Starek, Richard Salzman

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(4):319-327 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.040  

HPV16 status in oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is an important prognostic factor. As its determination, based on immunistochemical analysis of p16 oncoprotein requires invasive biopsy, determining oral HPV16 status may be a promising alternative. With an average sensitivity and specificity of 74% and 91% resp. oral sampling appears to be valuable in monitoring treatment response, enabling early detection of persistent or relapsing carcinoma sufficiently long before its clinical and/or radiological manifestation. It may also contribute to identification of the primary tumour in cases of metastases of unknown origin. The screening could identify individuals who are at increased risk of developing OPC.

The contribution of new methods in cytology for increasing sensitivity in the diagnosis of extrahepatic bile duct lesionsReviews

Daniela Kurfurstova, Zuzana Slobodova, Vincent Zoundjiekpon, Ondrej Urban

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(4):309-318 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.041  

This is a review of current and new methods for improving on the sensitivity of biliary stenoses examinations, especially in relation to suspected carcinoma. Included are fluorescence in situ hybridization, next generation sequencing, the immunocolorimetric ELISA test, methylation markers of DNA and liquid. biopsy.

Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) syndrome: Treatment approach depends on disease courseCase reports

Slavomira Kovacova, Petra Hnilicova, Jan Grossmann, Gabriel Hajas, Ema Kantorova, Egon Kurca

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(3):303-308 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.013  

This paper describes two cases of CLIPPERS. The first demonstrates the benefit of the early introduction of corticosteroids with side effects from long-term treatment. The second demonstrates the efficacy of ocrelizumab (anti-CD20 molecule) in a severe course of CLIPPERS. To the author s knowledge, this is only the second published case of CLIPPERS treated with ocrelizumab. The aim was to draw attention to this rare, often misdiagnosed but treatable disease.

Acute drug intoxication in childhood: a 10-year retrospective observational single-centre study and case reportsCase reports

Petra Matalova, Michal Buchta, Vendula Drietomska, Alena Spicakova, Martin Wawruch, Peter Ondra, Karel Urbanek

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(3):294-302 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.032  

Medication poisoning in children is one of the severe conditions that can endanger a child's life. We examined the demographic and clinical data of children admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of the University Hospital Olomouc for acute drug-induced intoxication between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019. From the results and determination of the two most common age groups, we need to understand drugs from several perspectives. To young children, medicines, especially colored ones, are perceived as attractive-looking. For older children and adolescents, medication can be an unfortunate way out of their difficulties. Medicines should be kept out of the reach of children and parents should educate their children.

Ethambutol-induced optic neuropathyCase reports

Martin Kyncl, Martin Fus, Jan Lestak

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(3):288-293 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.022  

This case report describes a tuberculosis patient treated with ethambutol for 3 months, which resulted in ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy (EON). The use of electrophysiological examinations, visual field test, retinal nerve fiber layer and angiography of optic nerve head, and magnetic resonance imaging of the optic nerves confirmed the improvement of visual function after discontinuation of the medication, irreversible atrophy of the optical disc has still been confirmed.

Trends in management of ocular syphilis in tertiary uveitis centre in Prague, Czech RepublicOriginal papers

Aneta Klimova, Michaela Brichova, Jarmila Heissigerova, Eva Rihova, Petra Svozilkova

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(3):281-287 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.038  

Visual field defects persist after antibiotic treatment in one third of patients with syphilitic uveitis. The observation supports adjacent systemic corticosteroid treatment for severe forms of syphilitic uveitis and/or neuritis.

Real-world outcomes of mepolizumab treatment in severe eosinophilic asthma patients - retrospective cohort study in SlovakiaOriginal papers

Milos Jesenak, Vaclav Vanecek, Martina Ondrusova, Veronika Urdova, Katarina Dostalova, Ludek Hochmuth

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(3):272-280 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.029  

Mepolizumab treatment has shown improved asthma control and lung function in randomized controlled trials. Real-world data are important to validate these results, may significantly expand the clinical view of the use of mepolizumab and highlight some aspects that cannot be drawn from clinical trials. Data on mepolizumab from the Slovak clinical environment were requested by health insurance payers for successful patient access to the drug, but such data were never published. The presented data from a non-interventional study provide the first clinical evidence in Slovakia of the efficacy of mepolizumab in a real sample of patients with severe asthma when it is administered in routine care.

Risk stratification using growth differentiation factor 15 in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantationOriginal papers

Martin Sluka, Martin Hutyra, Radomir Nykl, Jiri Ostransky, Tomas Furst, Pavla Petrova, Jan Precek, Stepan Hudec, Milos Taborsky

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(3):263-271 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.017  

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a cytokine that participates in inflammation and apoptosis. It has been identified as a strong and independent predictor of prognosis and adverse cardiac events in various cardiac conditions. Based on the data, this study supports a potential role of GDF15 in mortality and other clinical adverse outcomes such as bleeding complications and acute kidney injury prediction following transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Levels and avidities of antiphosphatidylethanolamine antibodies in patients with thrombotic events and immunologically-mediated diseasesOriginal papers

Oliver Kuchar, Milada Petrackova, Marta Kalousova, Libuse Noskova, Tomas Zima, Lenka Fialova

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(3):254-262 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.003  

Antiphosphatidylethanolamine antibodies (aPE) may be related to venous thromboembolism and be part of the repertoire of aPL in immunologically-mediated diseases. aPE IgG may have various avidities and their avidities differ from those of anticardiolipin antibodies IgG.

Risk factors for tumors or leukemia development in the first two years of lifeOriginal papers

Hana Wiedermannova, Peter Mudry, Jan Pavlicek, Hana Tomaskova, Andrea Hladikova, Hana Palova, Petra Vesela, Ondrej Slaby, Jaroslav Sterba

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(3):246-253 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.004  

The etiology of tumors is multifactorial; non-hereditary and hereditary factors, congenital malformations, and syndromes all play a role. The mothers' medication (especially hormone therapy), low Apgar score at 1 min, and the presence of a congenital defect or genetic abnormality was associated with increased risk of tumor development.

Infectious complications of induction treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia using the "7 + 3" protocol without antibiotic prophylaxis - 15 years of experience of one clinical siteOriginal papers

Martin Cernan, Tomas Szotkowski, Jaromir Hubacek, Milan Kolar, Edgar Faber, Karel Indrak, Tomas Papajik

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(3):236-245 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.010  

Patients undergoing chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukaemia are at high risk for infectious complications during therapy-related neutropenia. Administration of induction treatment without antibiotic prophylaxis does not increase patient mortality.

Effectiveness of ICD therapy in real clinical practice. The Olomouc ICD RegistryOriginal papers

Milos Taborsky, Tomas Skala, Marian Fedorco, Vlastimil Doupal, Ingrid Sovova, Jiri Jarkovsky, Klara Benesova, Monika Bezdekova, Marek Vicha, Josef Danek, Josef Kautzner

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(3):225-235 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2021.071  

The authors report an analysis of 2,681 patients hospitalized in a single centre for a first implantation of any type of ICD during the last decade. No mortality difference was found between patients with ischemic or non-ischemic cardiomyopathy and in the device type; a higher mortality risk was found in men, patients older than 75 years, diabetics, and those with atrial fibrillation. These data confirm significant differences in the mortality of individual subgroups of patients and further support the need for a new approach to risk stratification for sudden cardiac death (SCD). A personalized assessment of the individual risk is warranted.

Probiotics and the microbiota-gut-brain axis: focus on patients with depression. A review of current researchReviews

Cristina Macrea, Tiberia Ilias, Ovidiu Fratila, Brata Roxana, Cristian Hocopan

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(3):219-224 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.024  

This article reviews the latest published papers related to the microbiota in patients with depressive disorders and the influence of probiotic treatment upon these patients. The authors consider that the modulation of microbiota using probiotics, besides classical treatment could improve the results of treatment. Due to this positive effect of probiotics and their high tolerability and safety, no recommendation against their routine use in depressed patients can be made.

Ascorbic acid intake during pregnancyReviews

Kristina Podolska, Dana Mazankova, Maria Goboova, Ivan Vano

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(3):213-218 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.035  

This review paper discusses ascorbic acid intake during pregnancy and ascorbic acid deficiency for the individual maternal and foetal organ systems. If ascorbic acid is able to lower the risk of pregnancy complications such as pre-eclampsia, premature rupture of membranes or lower foetal morbidity remains inconclusive or controversial. Ascorbic acid appears to increase the iron available for erythropoiesis, and thus improves the anemia response to treatment and positively impacts maternal immune function. In the maternal-foetal unit, deficiency can increase the risk for foetal, uterine, and placental haemorrhage. Sufficient serum ascorbic acid levels can positively impact foetal growth in mid-pregnancy, neurodevelopmental epigenetics, foetal immunity and foetal programming. The authors highlighted the fact that sufficient maternal serum ascorbic acid levels may influence foetal outcome and may have far-reaching impact on foetal health.

Population pharmacokinetics of three alternative prophylactic antibiotics during cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulationShort communication

Petr Santavy, Vendula Kubickova, Martin Sima, Karel Urbanek

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(2):208-211 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.033  

A prospective pharmacokinetic study was carried out on patients undergoing cardiac surgery using extracorporeal circulation, to describe the population pharmacokinetics of prophylactically administered ampicillin, cefazolin and ciprofloxacin. Measured serum concentration-time profiles of the three antibiotics were analyzed using a nonlinear mixed-effects modeling approach. The main factor determining the achievement of the PK/PD target was found to be eGFR in ampicillin and cefazolin and body weight in ciprofloxacin.

Bilateral optic neuropathy as a complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantationCase report

Jan Lestak, Petr Mlcak, Adam Kuba, Klara Maresova, Martin Kyncl, Jaroslav Tintera, Martin Fus

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(2):199-207 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2021.056  

This case study describes a rare neuro-ophthalmological complication of allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Marked reduction of visual acuity on both eyes accompanied by bilateral optic disc edema firstly led to diagnosis of retrobulbar neuritis. Following complete ophthalmological examination supplemented by functional MRI, we established a multifactorial etiology with the participation of vascular and inflammatory changes.

Median nerve ultrasonography examination correlates with electrodiagnostic studies for the diagnosis of moderate to severe carpal tunnel syndromeOriginal papers

Pavel Potuznik, Petr Hosek, Rudolf Kotas

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(2):192-198 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2021.068  

Ultrasonography is a reliable alternative to electrodiagnosis for diagnosing moderate to severe carpal tunnel syndrome. The data demonstrate that the median nerve cross-sectional area had  the best diagnostic ability of  the  parameters tested. The median nerve cross-sectional area at the tunnel inlet, for instance at a suggested threshold value of 12 mm2, could substantially help us indicate surgical CTS treatment.

Clinical presentation and pulmonary function tests in post-acute COVID-19 patientsOriginal papers

Samuel Genzor, Petr Jakubec, Milan Sova, Jan Mizera, Pavol Joppa, Radim Burget, Pavol Pobeha

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(2):185-191 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.039  

This is an analysis of post-acute COVID symptoms and the pulmonary function test (PFT) results in patients surviving the native strain of the virus (Wuhan variant). There were 785 subjects (345 male) mean age 53.8 (SD 14.6); PFT results showed a decrease with disease severity; anosmia during the acute phase was associated with mild course of the disease, persisting dyspnoea was more frequent in the more severe disease groups; female sex was identified as a possible risk factor for persisting symptoms in the post-acute phase.

Pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus in patients with heart failure - a nation-wide analysis of contemporary treatmentOriginal papers

Marek Vicha, Tomas Skala, Libor Jelinek, Ludek Pavlu, Jiri Jarkovsky, Ladislav Dusek, Klara Benesova, Milos Taborsky

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(2):177-184 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2021.069  

Summary of the evolution of the use of insulin and non-insulin therapy in people with heart failure and diabetes mellitus. A positive trend in the use of new oral antidiabetic drugs is evident. Some of these are becoming an integral part of heart failure therapy.

Impact of admitting department on the management of acute coronary syndrome after an out of hospital cardiac arrestOriginal papers

Pavel Jansky, Zuzana Motovska, Josef Kroupa, Petr Waldauf, Petr Kafka, Jiri Knot, Jiri Jarkovsky

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(2):169-176 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.044  

This article compares the approach of a cardiac care unit (CCU) and the general intensive care unit (GICU) to the management of patients after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) of coronary etiology. Specifically, it concerns compliance with recommendations for myocardial revascularization and appropriate pharmacotherapy. It was found that adherence was higher in CCU in all monitored parameters.

The predictive value of the systemic immune-inflammatory index for left atrial appendage thrombus in non-valvular atrial fibrillationOriginal papers

Fatih Koca, Fatih Levent, Baris Sensoy, Erhan Tenekecioglu

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(2):162-168 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.007  

To the best of the authors‘ knowledge, there has been so far no investigation on any association between the systemic immune-inflammatory index and left atrial appendage thrombus in non-valvular atrial fibrillation.

Painless form of chronic pancreatitis - multicentre studyOriginal papers

Petr Dite, Marie Precechtelova, Martina Bojkova, Martin Lovecek, Radek Ambroz, Arnost Martinek, Jiri Dolina

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(2):157-161 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.019  

Approximately one in ten patients with chronic pancreatitis have primary painless disease with the major being attributed to an idiopathic etiology. Knowledge of the prominent symptoms is important for diagnosis – these patients may have any combination of pancreatic steatorrhea, diabetes mellitus, pancreatic calcifications and unclear loss of body-weight. Even if the incidence of this form of chronic pancreatitis is relatively low, early diagnosis is paramount.  Further research on this patient population is necessary.

Driver and actionable mutations in younger patients with lung cancer - are we searching properly?Original papers

Monika Bratova, Kristian Brat, Zdenek Pavlovsky, Jiri Sana, Ondrej Slaby

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(2):152-156 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.012  

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths. Although the most affected age group is in the 6th decade occasionally we meet very young patients with the disease. The authors looked at a group of young patients under 40 years with this diagnosis, its characteristics, the diversity of the group and the potential pathogenesis of lung cancer at such a young age. Data of 17 individuals diagnosed during 2011–2020 at the Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic, were analysed. From 8 valid samples, we detected actionable mutation in 75% patients.

Preoperative nutritional support for patients undergoing elective colorectal cancer surgery - does it really work?Original papers

Milan Tesar, Veronika Kozusnikova, Lubomir Martinek, Stefan Durdik, Peter Ihnat

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(2):145-151 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.009  

The authors evaluated the effect of preoperative oral nutritional supplements (ONS) on the self-sufficiency, physical, and nutritional status of patients who had elective colorectal resections. Patient self-sufficiency in the postoperative period was comparable between groups (P=0.313), the prevalence of postoperative complications was also comparable (P=0.73). Physical and nutritional status were not influenced by preoperative ONS. Preoperative administration of ONS in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery did not reduce postoperative morbidity or enhance recovery.

Importance of evaluation of bone invasion type in squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity and oropharynxOriginal papers

Richard Pink, Jaroslav Michalek, David Kral, Michal Mozola, Pavel Benes, Saskova Lenka, Zdenek Dvorak

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(2):139-144 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2021.062  

This evaluation clearly shows the connection between type of bone invasion, tumour differentiation and MDV and this can be used in the diagnosis of tumours of the oral cavity and oropharynx and in determining the radicality of the oncological therapy.

Combination of plant phenolics and isoquinolinium alkaloids protects gingival fibroblast and improves post-extraction healing after lower third molar extractionOriginal papers

Karin Chytilova, Adela Galandakova, Katerina Valentova, Peter Tvrdy

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(2):131-138 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2021.055  

Inflammatory periodontal diseases are related to dental plaque formation and are influenced by its microbial composition and the host immune system. The dry socket (alveolar osteitis), which may occur as an inflammatory complication after third molar extraction, is similar in many ways. For this reason, efforts are currently underway to formulate preparations that inhibit dental plaque formation and suppress inflammation. The results of this pilot study show that the combination of the phenolic fraction of Lonicera caerulea fruit and Macleaya cordata alkaloids has beneficial effects on antioxidant imbalance and inflammation both in vitro and in a clinical study.

Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid cells by flow cytometry: Comparison to conventional cytologyOriginal papers

David Zeman, Kamila Revendova, Radovan Bunganic, Marketa Ryzi, Petra Masarovicova, Pavlina Kusnierova, Vera Kotrlova, Pavel Hradilek, David Stejskal, Vojtech Thon

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(2):121-130 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.021  

Cerebrospinal fluid cells were analyzed by both conventional cytology and flow cytometry in 42 patients; basic subpopulations of CSF cells could be determined by flow cytometry even in samples with normal cell counts using no more than 2.4 mL CSF. The ratio of lymphocytes to monocytes was higher for cytocentrifuged CSF sediment after precentrifugation but comparable between flow cytometry and cytocentrifuged native CSF; the proportion of granulocytes was higher in flow cytometry compared to conventional cytology.

Expansive intracardiac leiomyosarcoma - a combined therapeutic approach resulting in survival with complete remission. A literature review and case reportReviews

Jan Juchelka, Martin Simek, Pavel Marcian, Jiri Ehrmann, Petr Santavy

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(2):116-120 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.011  

A literature review and report of a rare, highly malignant and unusually large heart tumor, where an individually tailored combination of complex surgical and oncological treatment resulted in long-term survival with complete remission of the disease.