Biomedical papers - Latest articles

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Uterine artery embolisation in symptomatic patients with placenta accreta spectrum disordersOriginal papers

David Brustman, Jan Raupach, Vendelin Chovanec, Pavel Ryska

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2026, 170(2):163-167 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.039

This study explores the use of uterine artery embolization (UAE) in patients with postpartum hemorrhage caused by placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders. The procedure was performed after conservative treatments failed, aiming to control bleeding and reduce the need for more invasive surgeries. UAE successfully improved symptoms in the majority of patients, with no major complications during or after the procedure. Follow-up showed no recurrence of bleeding. The results suggest that UAE is a safe and effective treatment option for managing PAS-related hemorrhage, offering a less invasive alternative to surgical interventions.

The burden of multimorbidity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus - single-centre analysisOriginal papers

Marketa Dudkova, Martina Skacelova, Pavel Horak, Jakub Videman, Adela Skoumalova

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2026, 170(2):153-162 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2025.004

The prevalence of multimorbidity, defined as the presence of at least two chronic diseases, is increasing in both the general population and among patients with rheumatic conditions. This study provides insight into the prevalence of multimorbidity in one of the most frequent systemic autoimmune disorders, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease is characterised by the involvement of multiple organs due to both the disorder itself and the frequent comorbidities that are associated with the underlying disease process. These factors have the potential to affect the quality of life, treatment options, healthcare utilisation and overall patient prognosis.

Nutritional status and muscle mass loss in patients with COPD, association with lung function, symptoms, comorbidities and long-term survival: data from the National Database StudyOriginal papers

Eva Volakova, Vladimir Koblizek, Michal Svoboda, Karel Hejduk, Marek Plutinsky, Kristian Brat, Martina Kulirova, Jaromir Zatloukal

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2026, 170(2):137-152 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2025.001

Similar to other chronic diseases, nutritional status appears to be an important determinant in patients with COPD. In this study, a comprehensive assessment was made of nutritional status and its association with other clinical characteristics and survival in 343 patients from the National Database of COPD. Nutritional imbalances were common in patients with COPD. Less than one fifth of the patients in the cohort had normal nutritional parameters. Overweight and obesity predominated, while underweight and muscle wasting were associated with the highest mortality. Different nutritional categories were associated with different comorbidities. The causes of these differences remain unclear. Some studies suggest a possible influence of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which may differ in relation to nutritional categories. More research is needed to clarify this.

A new approach to prealbumin as a biomarker for fibromyalgia?Original papers

Elif Karabacak, Muhtesem E. Yayla, Gulsah Y. Ozturk, Bahadir Ozelbaykal

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2026, 170(2):131-136 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2025.014

There are currently no laboratory markers available to diagnose Fibromyalgia (FM). The aim in this study was to investigate biochemical markers that would support the pathogenesis and diagnosis of FM. To the best of the knowledge of the authors, this is the first study to evaluate CRP/prealbumin and prealbumin values in patients with Fibromyalgia. The results suggest that the CRP, CRP/prealbumin, lymphocyte and platelet levels increase in the disease and the prealbumin level decreases, which may indicate the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis. It was concluded that the inflammatory markers identified in this study may be useful in facilitating early diagnosis and treatment of patients with FM. The study was presented to contribute to the literature on FM.

Ceramides versus standard methods in prediction of subclinical atherosclerosisOriginal papers

Janula Stromska, Geraldo Neto, Irma Magaly Rivas-Serna, Juan Pablo Gonzalez-Rivas, Manlio Vinciguerra, Roman Panovsky, Radim Brat, Jiri Plasek

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2026, 170(2):123-130 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2026.005

Ceramides are a heterogeneous group of bioactive membrane sphingolipids. Evidence suggests that specific ceramide species are potential biomarkers and mediators of cardiovascular disease. The aim of the study was to develop two prediction models for carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) using readily available variables. One model included conventional biomarkers (total cholesterol, triglycerides, hypolipidemics) in addition to gender and age, while the other included blood concentrations of selected ceramides. Cer(d18:1/18:0) was inversely related to CIMT, while Cer(d18:1/24:1) was positively correlated. Given that the study is cross-sectional, the findings should be interpreted as associations and do not support any causal inference.

Induction of supraventricular tachycardias in patients undergoing pulmonary vein isolation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is safe and reasonableOriginal papers

Jiri Vrtal, Jiri Plasek, David Sipula, Jan Vaclavik, Jozef Dodulik, Tomas Skala, Vlastimil Cernicek

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2026, 170(2):118-122 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.037

Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) may experience other supraventricular tachycardias (SVT) that can trigger AF and cause similar symptoms. This study aimed to analyse the safety and efficacy of inducing SVT in patients undergoing catheter ablation (CA) for AF. The authors enrolled 61 patients with paroxysmal AF who underwent CA between January 2022 and March 2023. This electrophysiological study was performed after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) to induce SVT. Induced arrhythmias were mapped and ablated. All patients were followed at 3, 6 and 12 months after the procedure and seven-day ECG Holter monitoring was carried out after 6 and 12 months from the procedure. SVT inducibility after successful pulmonary vein isolation was 39%. Age differed significantly in patients with arrhythmia inducibility compared to those without (64.5± 7.6 and 58.2±10.5, P=0.04). There were no significant differences in procedure time (P=0.408) or fluoroscopy dose (P=0.458) between patients with inducible arrhythmia and those without. None of the echocardiographic parameters showed any significant differences between groups. The conclusion of the study is that ablation of induced non-clinical arrhythmia is safe and does not prolong the total procedure or fluoroscopy time.

Treatment and survival of patients with heart failure: An updated analysis from the Czech National Healthcare DatabaseOriginal papers

Josef Danek, Jiri Jarkovsky, Klara Benesova, Milos Taborsky

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2026, 170(2):110-117 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2025.017

Heart failure (HF) remains a growing public health concern. This study provides an updated analysis of HF incidence, prevalence, hospitalizations, and mortality trends in the Czech Republic (2015-2023). Using data from the National Healthcare Reimbursement Database (NRHZS), the authors evaluated key epidemiological patterns. Findings show a rising prevalence, stable incidence, and a slight decline in hospitalizations, while in-hospital mortality remains around 10%. Increased use of novel HF therapies, including ARNIs and SGLT2 inhibitors, was observed. These insights highlight the need for improved guideline adherence and multidisciplinary care models.

Advancements in immunotherapy for oropharyngeal cancer: Current landscape and future prospectsReviews

Xixi Shen, Shizhi He

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2026, 170(2):93-109 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2025.022

This review provides an updated overview of emerging immune-based therapies for oropharyngeal malignancies, particularly those associated with HPV infection. It summarizes current evidence on checkpoint blockade, engineered T-cell approaches, monoclonal antibodies, and therapeutic vaccination strategies, while discussing their clinical relevance and translational potential. The article further evaluates the influence of viral biology, tumor microenvironment, and predictive biomarkers on therapeutic response. Key limitations, including resistance and immune escape, are also highlighted, together with future opportunities for individualized and combination-based treatment strategies in head and neck oncology.

Effectiveness of motor imagery techniques in the treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain: A scoping reviewReviews

Petr Kolar, Marketa Kovarova, Barbora Kolarova, Miroslav Haltmar, Martin Jochec, Petr Hlustik

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2026, 170(2):80-92 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2025.034

Motor imagery techniques, such as motor imagery, mirror therapy, and graded motor imagery, have the capacity to activate brain regions that overlap with those involved in actual movement execution. In individuals with chronic pain, these areas may undergo structural and functional changes due to persistent nociceptive input. Engaging in motor imagery can stimulate brain activity and potentially contribute to the restoration of more typical neural patterns. This scoping review of randomized controlled trials demonstrates that patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain may benefit from these techniques. Compared to control groups, participants receiving MI-based interventions experienced reductions in pain both immediately after therapeutic sessions and during follow-up assessments conducted up to several months post-intervention.

Personalised treatment strategies in heart failure: A literature review and new proposed algorithm for device therapy selectionReviews

Lucie Kohoutkova, Martin Augustynek, Henryk Szymeczek

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2026, 170(2):71-79 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2025.030

This article provides a synthesis of key clinical trials on device-based therapy in heart failure within the context of the current trend toward personalized medicine. Its main contribution is the proposal of a novel decision-making algorithm that integrates risk stratification based on underlying etiology, electrophysiological and functional parameters, as well as prognostic indicators including current non-invasive methods. The review also reflects current developments in clinical practice, including the growing role of physiological pacing, and supports an individualized approach to improving patient prognosis and quality of life.

Development of Vibrio parahaemolyticus sensitive and specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with lateral flow deviceOriginal papers

Xiaoheng Liang, Dan Zhan, Xin Huang, Jinli Bi, Jinghan Li, Liqin Meng, Li Xie, Taijie Li

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2026, 170(1):62-70 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2025.007

A rapid LAMP-LFD method was developed by combining the loop-mediated isothermal amplification technique and lateral flow device for the detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. By improving the specificity and sensitivity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus detection, it provides a rapid and convenient detection method for field and grass-roots units. To provide a new method for the diversity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus detection methods. It has promising applications in the detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus at the basic level.

A pilot study on the feasibility and initial outcomes of a telerehabilitation system for balance and cognitive training in older adultsOriginal papers

Milada Luisa Sedivcova, Karla Mothejlova, Karel Hana, Jan Kaspar, Aneta Buchtelova

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2026, 170(1):53-61 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2025.018

This randomized controlled multicentric pilot study evaluated a home-based telerehabilitation system aimed at improving balance and cognitive function in older adults. The results show it is safe, user-friendly, and effective as traditional therapy, with added benefits from cognitive stimulation.

Cannabidiol-hyaluronic acid combination delivered rectally for attenuating abacterial prostatitis symptoms: Single-arm open-label pilot clinical trialOriginal papers

Vladimir Student Jr., Vaclav Repa, Jana Vrbkova, Jan Vacek

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2026, 170(1):47-52 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2026.002

Chronic nonbacterial prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a prevalent urological disorder with a significant impact on quality-of-life. The administration of cannabidiol/hyaluronic acid based suppositories demonstrated potential symptom relief in CP/CPPS with a favourable tolerability profile.

FOXP3, IL-35, and PD-L1 in intra- and peritumoral lymphocytic infiltrate of cutaneous melanomas as an important part of antitumor immunityOriginal papers

Vladimir Zidlik, Pavel Hurnik, Yvetta Vantuchova, Simona Michalcova, Jozef Skarda, Tereza Hulinova, Dana Purova, Jiri Ehrmann

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2026, 170(1):40-46 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.040

Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive tumors especially in its generalized form with metastases as one of the most difficult to treat cancers. Melanoma is considered an immunogenic tumor, and the status of the immune system is intensively studied in melanoma patients. It creates an immunosuppressive environment that helps tumor cells escape the host's immune response. The aim of this study was to characterize the expression of markers of ongoing immune suppression as part of the melanoma tumor microenvironment. These markers include the presence of T regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs) expressing FOXP3 protein, and local expression of the cytokine IL-35 and immune checkpoint receptor PD-L1.

Exploring acute cellular rejection in lung transplantation: insights from donor-derived cell-free DNA analysisOriginal papers

Andrea Zajacova, Majd Alkhouri, Miray Guney, Goncalo Ferrao, David Rezac, Kristyna Vyskocilova, Tereza Kotowski, Alzbeta Dutkova, Eliska Dvorackova, Robert Lischke, Libor Fila, Jan Havlin

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2026, 170(1):33-39 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2025.016

Acute cellular rejection (ACR) is a common issue after lung transplantation, but standardized screening remains elusive. This study compared histological transbronchial biopsy assessment with donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) as a biomarker for detecting ACR. 74 samples obtained from lung transplant recipients were analysed, with ACR cases defined by histological grade and/or treatment necessity (n=10, 14%). Results showed significantly higher dd-cfDNA in ACR cases (61.2 cp/mL vs. 25.8 cp/mL in controls; P=0.04), but dd-cfDNA% and total cfDNA were not significantly different. While dd-cfDNA may help rule out ACR, further research is needed to refine its clinical application.

Blood loss in coronary artery bypass grafting on minimally invasive extracorporeal circulation - a single-centre experience and retrospective analysisOriginal papers

Jan Juchelka, Martin Simek, Dominik Sabacky, Marek Vicha, Artur Barshatskyi, Ondrej Zuscich, Martin Troubil, Roman Hajek, Jana Zapletalova, Petr Santavy

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2026, 170(1):26-32 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2025.012

The article describes a single centre experience using the minimally invasive extracorporeal (MiECC) circulation that was modified by incorporation of coronary suction into the circuit, while maintaining the core principles of closed circuit perfusion. A detailed description of the construction of the circuit is provided. Perfusion management and the specific demands placed on the surgeon are explained in the article. The results of the retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes after utilization of this circuit in comparison to the conventional extracorporeal circulation are presented and discussed. The study focused mainly on major adverse events and blood loss comparison. The results demonstrate lower post-operative blood loss in patients operated on the MiECC circuit.

Impact of prior oral anticoagulation on admission stroke severity in patients with atrial fibrillationOriginal papers

David Franc, Daniel Sanak, Michal Kral, Martin Hutyra, Milos Taborsky, Petra Divisova, Jana Zapletalova

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2026, 170(1):20-25 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.024

The authors conducted a large retrospective analysis of 1059 patients with ischemic stroke (IS) admitted at their stroke centre between 2012 and 2021 and who had been enrolled in the prospective HISTORY (Heart and Ischemic STrOke Relationship studY) study registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT01541163). One major aim was to assess the trend in occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and use of oral anticoagulants (OAC) in ischemic stroke patients during the last decade and to evaluate whether prior use of OAC had any impact on stroke severity in AF patients. n total, 1059 patients were analyzed. No significant increase in AF occurrence was found in IS patients between the years, but patients with known AF were substantially more frequently treated with OAC and DOAC in 2021. Patients on OAC had lower admission NIHSS scores than those without OAC in 2021.

Copeptin as a promising biomarker of cerebrovascular events: A minireviewReviews

Kamila Smolikova, Pavel Potuznik, Marek Peterka, Jakub Vejskal, Martina Pestova

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2026, 170(1):15-19 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2025.028

Given the constant need to improve primary prevention and prediction of stroke, the aim of this mini review was to introduce the glycopeptide copeptin, which, according to available studies, shows significant potential in the diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases, including cerebrovascular events. In this regard, copeptin could become a valuable biomarker in clinical practice. It could be used as one of the prognostic and predictive biomarkers in the course of cerebrovascular events, their clinical outcome, and predicting their recurrence. This mini review includes a brief overview of the physiology of copeptin, its role in emergency care for selected cerebrovascular events with a focus on ischemic strokes, and its influence through vascular risk factors.

Diagnostics of olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease - a literature overview and case seriesReviews

Libor Vasina, Nikola Pastorkova, Oleksii Vorobiov, Karla Janouskova, Petra Dytrych, Jiri Hlozek, Sarka Musilova, Jaromir Astl, Richard Holy

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2026, 170(1):8-14 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2025.021

This is an overview and case series on smell testing in Parkinson's disease as olfactory dysfunction is viewed as an early indicator of this disease. The authors tested olfaction both subjectively and objectively: psychophysical tests are commonly used but these tests may be inaccurate and difficult in patients with Parkinson's disease with cognitive deficits in addition to motor symptoms. Objective electrophysiological olfactory tests are important. These are the olfactory/trigeminal event-related potentials (OERPs/TERPs). In this overview, the authors also describe a series of cases that demonstrate the importance of complex smell tests.

Anticoagulation in device-detected atrial fibrillation: Challenges in stroke prevention and heart failure managementReviews

Jiri Vrtal, Jiri Plasek, Jan Vaclavik, Jozef Dodulik, David Sipula

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2026, 170(1):1-7 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2025.010

In this review, the authors comprehensively evaluate the unique challenges associated with assessing stroke risk and determining the need for anticoagulation therapy in patients with device-detected atrial fibrillation. This condition poses diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas, given its often subclinical nature and variability in atrial fibrillation burden. The analysis places particular emphasis on findings from recently published clinical trials, which provide valuable insights into the management strategies for this patient population. Additionally, the authors explore the emerging evidence on the interplay between device-detected atrial fibrillation and heart failure.

Primary ventriculitis caused by Streptococcus intermedius - a rare case and challenge with uncertain clinical outcome. Case reportCase report

Stefan Trnka, Premysl Stejskal, Jakub Jablonsky, David Krahulik, Eva Cechakova, Lumir Hrabalek

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2025, 169(4):298-300 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.029

This case report presents a unique instance of primary ventriculitis in a 53-year-old patient with no predisposing factors, caused by the rare pathogen Streptococcus intermedius. Despite early and targeted antibiotic therapy, the patient's condition did not improve, highlighting the challenges in managing such infections. Imaging studies and cerebrospinal fluid analysis were crucial for diagnosis, revealing significant inflammation and ventricular debris. This case emphasizes the need for further research into the treatment of primary ventriculitis, as standard therapeutic approaches may not always be effective. The findings underscore the importance of early detection and the complexity of managing central nervous system infections.

Urinary tract trauma as a predictor of acute kidney injury in severely injured patients: A retrospective analysis of observational studiesOriginal papers

Michal Frelich, Jan Pavlicek, Filip Bursa, Vojtech Vodicka, Dana Salounova, Peter Sklienka

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2025, 169(4):293-297 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.026

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common organ dysfunctions in major trauma. Patients with multiple injuries are exposed to several risk factors for AKI, including haemorrhage, systemic inflammation, rhabdomyolysis, and secondary insults from emergency surgery and infection. Because the development of AKI is associated with multiple adverse outcomes, such as increased length of hospital stay, mortality, and total cost of healthcare, it is essential to identify all risk factors early and, in indicated cases, initiate preventive measures with the aim of reducing the incidence of AKI and subsequent complications. Although it seems intuitive that direct injury to the urinary tract would affect its function, very little is known about the risk of AKI in this setting. In this study, the authors demonstrated that injury to the urinary tract was an independent predictor of the development of AKI with an RR of 3.4 (95% CI 2.25-5.06), whereas injury to the kidneys or their vascular supply resulted in a threefold increased risk of AKI (RR = 3.1, 95% CI 1.93-4.90), and injury to the urinary passages had an RR of 4.2 (95% CI 2.70-6.46). Based on AUC ROC curve analysis, the authors found that NGAL levels measured within 24 h of admission were a reliable predictor of AKI only in patients without urinary tract injury.

The role of Fetuin-A and Leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein in the diagnosis of prostate cancer - a pilot studyOriginal papers

Alena Sorokac Kubolkova, Gabriel Varga, Miroslava Benovska, Lenka Kovacova, Michal Fedorko

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2025, 169(4):288-292 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.028

In recent years, several studies have been conducted to develop different biomarkers of prostate cancer with high sensitivity and specificity. Minimal studies have so far focused on Fetuin-A and Leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein (LRG1) as potential biomarkers for prostate cancer. This article reports on these 2 potential biomarkers, that have been investigated in their department and can help in future screening for early detection and diagnosis, reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies, assess the risk of aggressive disease, and monitor response to prostate cancer treatment. Through this study, Fetuin-A has proven to be a potential new biomarker for prostate cancer.

Comparison of myocardial perfusion study and invasive hemodynamic measurement of the significance of non-infarct-related residual stenoses in ST elevation myocardial infarction patientsOriginal papers

Jan Vacha, Miloslav Spacek, Milan Kaminek, Martin Hutyra, Radomir Nykl, Martin Sluka, Milos Taborsky

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2025, 169(4):281-287 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.021

The authors present the results of their study focused on patients with acute STEMI and multivessel coronary artery disease. Fractional flow reserve (FFR) guided staged intervention of the so far silent non-IRA lesions (50-90%) was performed 4-8 weeks after STEMI closely preceded by myocardial perfusion study (MPS). We offer a comparative analysis of these methods within real-world scenarios. The major finding was that they observed weak correlation in ischemia detection between MPS using SPECT and invasive hemodynamic measurement using FFR. In patients with abnormal myocardium detected by MPS significantly lower FFR values were observed in the non-IRAs compared to patients with negative MPS studies. Further studies are needed to guide the optimal treatment strategy in such patients.

Association of biomarkers of cardiac remodeling, myocardial fibrosis and inflammation with parameters of heart function and structure in patients with arterial hypertensionOriginal papers

Tana Andreasova, Filip Malek, Zuzana Jiraskova Zakostelska, Petr Neuzil, Jana Vranova

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2025, 169(4):272-280 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.036

The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of cardiac biomarkers levels with the parameters of cardiac structure and function in the patients with arterial hypertension. Patients with arterial hypertension, normal left ventricular ejection fraction and absence of signs of heart failure were included in the study. Biomarker of cardiac remodeling (NT-proBNP) correlated with the parameters of left ventricular diastolic function and biomarkers involved in myocardial fibrosis (sST2) correlated with parameters of cardiac structure and were associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (sST2 and TIMP-1).

Transcriptomic analysis reveals distinct molecular signatures and regulatory networks of osteoarthritic chondrocytes versus mesenchymal stem cells during chondrogenesisOriginal papers

Tsung-Yu Lin, Viraj Krishna Mishra, Rajni Dubey, Thakur Prasad Chaturvedi, Shankar Narayan A, Hsu-Wei Fang, Lung-Wen Tsai, Navneet Kumar Dubey

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2025, 169(4):262-271 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2025.008

This bioinformatics study aimed to determine differentially expressed genes (DEGs) patterns of knee osteoarthritis chondrocytes versus human bone marrow stem cells towards chondrogenic commitment. We identified 43 DEGs (15 downregulated and 28 upregulated) and enriched pathways, which revealed the enrichment of complement and coagulation cascades and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy pathways for upregulated and downregulated DEGs, respectively. Hub networks identified the top 5 hub genes, including CLU, PLAT, CP, TIMP3, and SERPINA1.

Unveiling the complexity of neurofibromatosis type 1: Innovations in genetic understanding and clinical management. A narrative reviewReviews

Aurora Jurca, Simona Pop, Claudia Maria Jurca, Cosmin Mihai Vesa, Alexandru Daniel Jurca

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2025, 169(4):255-261 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2025.011

This narrative review offers a unique perspective on recent advances in the genetics, diagnosis, and management of neurofibromatosis type 1. Unlike previous studies, it incorporates the updated 2021 NIH criteria, emphasizing the role of genetic testing for early diagnosis and personalized treatment. The article highlights genotype-phenotype correlations, the impact of specific mutations on disease severity, and the need for continuous monitoring. It also covers less commonly addressed aspects, such as the increased breast cancer risk in women with NF1, emerging therapies like MEK inhibitors, and the importance of tailored surveillance, making it a valuable contribution to NF1 management.

Vitreous proteomics in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and proliferative vitreoretinopathyReviews

Jan Havlik, Martin Lada, Jan Tesar, Vladimir Kratky, Martin Sin

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2025, 169(4):247-254 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2025.015

Proteomic analysis of the vitreous has unveiled critical molecular mechanisms underlying retinal pathologies, highlighting novel therapeutic opportunities. This study explores the dynamic protein changes associated with detachment-induced photoreceptor degeneration, metabolic stress, and inflammation. Key findings reveal altered glycolytic enzymes, antioxidant depletion, and cytokine dysregulation, underscoring their roles in cellular damage and repair. The review emphasizes the transformative potential of advanced proteomics, such as data-independent acquisition and exosome profiling, in identifying biomarkers and therapeutic targets, paving the way for precision medicine in combating vision-threatening conditions.

Mitochondria in focus: From structure and function to their role in human diseases. A reviewReviews

Daniel Follprecht, Jakub Vavricka, Viktorie Johankova, Pavel Broz, Ales Krouzecky

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2025, 169(4):235-246 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2025.009

This work provides an in-depth exploration of mitochondrial functions beyond energy production, highlighting their essential roles in cellular processes, signaling, and health maintenance. By emphasizing recent advances in mitochondrial research, the manuscript underscores the impact of mitochondria in aging, disease, and exercise, offering valuable insights that could guide therapeutic strategies for enhancing mitochondrial health and longevity

Schwannoma of the phrenic nerve. A case reportCase report

Josef Chudacek, Tomas Bohanes, Marek Szkorupa, Martin Stasek, Jan Hanuliak, Daniela Skanderova, Dusan Klos

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2025, 169(3):232-234 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.011

Neurogenic tumors are the third most common type of tumors in the mediastinum, often found in the posterior area but sometimes in the middle mediastinum. The case described involved a male with a middle mediastinum tumor, undiagnosable via biopsy due to its location. Surgery removed the tumor and phrenic nerve, confirming a low-activity schwannoma. Diagnosis of such tumors is challenging though surgical removal is viable for circumscribed tumors. Minimally invasive surgery is preferred, offering fewer complications and quick recovery.