Biomedical papers - Latest articles

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Retinal microvascular abnormalities in major depressionOriginal papers

Evgenii Sadykov, Ladislav Hosak, Alexandr Stepanov, Jana Zapletalova, Jan Studnicka

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(2):147-155 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.026  

The authors detected significantly larger retinal arteriolar and venular calibres in a non-geriatric population with major depression compared with a population without depression. The finding may be useful for prevention as well as personalized treatment of this serious mental disorder.

High pre-transplant Mucosal Associated Invariant T Cell (MAIT) count predicts favorable course of myeloid aplasiaOriginal papers

Ivana Karlova Zubata, Jitka Smetanova Brozova, Tomas Karel, Barbora Bacova, Jan Novak

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(2):139-146 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.011  

MAIT cell abundance detected before myeloablative conditioning and autologous stem cell transplantation predicts the course of myeloid aplasia. The number of MAIT cells negatively correlated with peak C-reactive protein level and the amount of red blood cell transfusion units resulting in earlier discharge of patients with the most abundant MAIT cells.

Levels of retinol and retinoic acid in pancreatic cancer, type-2 diabetes and chronic pancreatitisOriginal papers

Pavel Hrabak, Miroslava Zelenkova, Tomas Krechler, Jan Soupal, Michal Vocka, Tomas Hanus, Lubos Petruzelka, Stepan Svacina, Ales Zak, Tomas Zima, Marta Kalousova

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(2):132-138 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.049  

There are still uncertainties about role of retinoids in pancreatic pathologies. The authors used high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection to measure the serum the retinol and ATRA levels in 246 patients with PDAC, CHP, T2DM and healthy controls. The authors confirmed a significant decrease in retinol levels in PDAC compared to CHP and healthy controls, significant decrease of ATRA levels in PDAC compared to T2DM and healthy controls and they found a correlation between retinol, prealbumin and transferrin, and of ATRA and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2.

Serum concentrations of 25-OH vitamin D and the pro-inflammatory interleukins IL-17, IL-23, and IL-18 in patients with plaque psoriasisOriginal papers

Maria Ganeva, Zhivka Tsokeva, Tanya Gancheva, Evgeniya Hristakieva, Vanya Tsoneva, Irena Manolova

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(2):124-131 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.043  

The IL-23/IL-17 pathogenic axis plays a key role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Vitamin D is thought to be involved in the development of many diseases by modulating the inflammatory process. The study established a moderate negative correlation between 25(OH)D levels and the PASI score suggesting participation of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Significantly higher concentrations of pro-inflammatory IL-17A and IL-18 in individuals with cardio-metabolic diseases (CMDs) in the study cohort and elevated levels of these cytokines in psoriasis patients with CMDs were detected.

Novel approach to adherence assessment based on parent drug and metabolite pharmacokinetics: pilot study with spironolactoneOriginal papers

Alena Pilkova, Martin Sima, Jan Miroslav Hartinger, Thi Minh Phuong Nikrynova Nguyen, Vera Maresova, Ivana Kurcova, Ondrej Slanar, Jiri Widimsky

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(2):117-123 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.048  

Detection of drug or its metabolite in a blood sample without evaluation of serum concentration does not fully enable uncovering instances of improper drug use or white-coat adherence. Considering pharmacokinetic properties of the drug helps us to recognize if measured concentration refers to steady state, i. e. regular use, or is markedly reduced and therefore originates from irregular or single dose ingestion before sampling. Application of pharmacokinetic principles in the interpretation of serum concentrations of antihypertensive drugs leads to a more precise evaluation of a patient's behaviour.

Current trends in the management of out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA)Reviews

Michal Plodr, Eva Chalusova

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(2):105-116 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.006  

The last decade has seen the development of new procedures and technologies that have the potential to reverse the unfavourable prognosis of patients after OHCA. The early availability of AEDs in remote or sparsely populated destinations can be solved by deploying drones as AED carriers. Dispatchers will be able during an incoming emergency call to rely on the support of machine learning models or videocalls from the scene. The use of ECMO in patients after cardiac arrest is already an introduced method in the early in-hospital phase, and there are promising partial results from the pre-hospital area. The definition of input criteria for each method is a key factor in the misuse of forces and means and is a prerequisite to increasing the percentage of survival of OHCA with good neurological status.

Treatment adherence and the contemporary approach to treating type 2 diabetes mellitusReviews

Bela Kolars, Ivana Minakovic, Beata Grabovac, Dejan Zivanovic, Vesna Mijatovic Jovin

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(2):97-104 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.009  

This paper explores the modern approach to treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), emphasizing the importance of adherence for successful management. It reviews various components of T2D treatment, lifestyle modifications, including medical nutritional therapy and physical activity. Medications in contemporary treatment are discussed, each with specific benefits and potential risks. Factors influencing the adherence to the components of treatment are analysed. Even though adherence leads to a better disease outcome, it is often poor. The review concludes that addressing factors affecting adherence can significantly improve T2D outcomes and reduce costs.

Endoscopic treatment of pancreatic fluid collection in gastric heterotopic pancreas. A case reportCase reports

Ivana Mikoviny Kajzrlikova, Jan Kuchar, Petr Vitek, Barbora Horavova, Hana Vankova, Martin Chrostek

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(1):92-96 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.043  

This case report details the diagnostic work-up in a young woman with clinical presentation of heterotopic pancreas. Here, imaging and endoscopic findings of a newly diagnosed submucosal mass in the gastric antrum are well described. Technical issues of endosonographically-navigated drainage of symptomatic fluid collection in heterotopic pancreas with a plastic double pigtail stent under fluoroscopic control are also presented. Fluid collections after acute pancreatitis in heterotopic pancreas can be successfully managed by endoscopy.

Pediatric Cushing's disease: Case reports and retrospective reviewCase reports

Renata Pomahacova, Petra Paterova, Eva Nykodymova, Josef Sykora, Michal Krsek

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(1):85-91 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.049  

This article describes growth retardation and change in facial appearance with development of moon face as the first symptoms of CS. Growth retardation is prior to development of moon face. CRH test and BIPSS contribute to confirming the diagnosis of CD and excluding ectopic ACTH syndrome in children with invisible adenoma on MRI.

Disposition of levobupivacaine during intraoperative continuous caudal epidural analgesia in a preterm neonateCase reports

Jan Sipek, Pavla Pokorna, Martin Sima, Jitka Styblova, Vladimir Mixa

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(1):81-84 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.047  

The use of epidural analgesia in neonates raises concerns due to possible drug cumulation and toxicity. In general, studying PK and modelling using plasma concentrations of the used local anaesthetic (LA) in neonates is applicable in daily clinical practice because the intravenous blood volume is small, and the number of samples does not have to be large. To the best of their knowledge, this is the first case report of the pharmacokinetic profile of levobupivacaine (LA) achieving pharmacotherapy goals during epidural use in preterm neonates. A special adjustment of the laboratory method reduced the blood samples to 0.2-0.5 mL each. Although elimination of levobupivacaine was prolonged, no accumulation occurred and concentrations of total and free levobupivacaine were well below the toxicity threshold. Epidural analgesia at this age should be monitored and used with caution.

Prediction of live birth - selection of embryos using morphokinetic parametersOriginal papers

Katerina Tvrdonova, Silvie Belaskova, Tatana Rumpikova, David Rumpik, Alena Myslivcova Fucikova, Frantisek Malir

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(1):74-80 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.052  

The goal of this study was to use time-lapse monitoring to find key morphokinetic parameters in pre-implantation human embryos, which are essential for the identification of embryos with high developmental potential, specifically embryos leading to the birth of a healthy child.

DNA methylation of selected tumor suppressor genes in endometrial hyperplasiaOriginal papers

Ondrej Dvorak, Munachiso Ndukwe, Marcela Slavickova, Jan Laco, Jiri Spacek

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(1):68-73 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.053  

This research study was focused on changes in DNA methylation in specific tumor supressor genes in endometrial hyperplasia. The authors performed a retrospective study of endometrial tissue of 164 patients treated in their department from 2007 to 2014 dividing them into three subsets: atypical hyperplasia, hyperplasia without atypia and a control group with normal endometrial tissue. 25 selected genes using the methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) probe set were tested. Differences in DNA methylation among the groups were found in PTEN, CDH13, and MSH6 promoters. These genes appear to be involved in different stages of the development of endometrial hyperplasia.

The nociceptive response during adult cardiac surgery measured by the qNOX index: A feasibility studyOriginal papers

Vladislav Rogozov, Tomas Vanek, Marek Maly, Jan Rocek, Petr Kacer

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(1):62-67 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.045  

The "qNOX" index for the Conox monitor was predicted to be responsive to the probability of reaction to nociceptive stimulation during general anaesthesia. The results show that the qNOX index does not reflect development of detectable signs related to nociceptive stimulation during adult cardiac surgery and could be affected by simultaneous use of muscle relaxants.

Corneal stromal lenticule transplantation for the treatment of corneal ulcersOriginal papers

Yun Min Klimesova, Martina Nemcokova, Magdalena Netukova, Alina-Dana Baxant, Marcela Hlavackova, Jana Kacerovska, Pavel Studeny

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(1):55-61 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.004  

The possibility of using deep-frozen corneal stromal lenticules could significantly help in the treatment of corneal ulcers or even perforations, which is currently difficult due to the relative unavailability of corneal tissue donors, especially in developing countries.

Immunoablative therapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as the first-line disease-modifying therapy in patients with multiple sclerosisOriginal papers

Martin Lachnit, Kamila Zondra Revendova, Pavel Hradilek, Radovan Bunganic, Zdenek Koristek, Tomas Jelinek, Monika Skutova, Radim Piza, Ondrej Volny, Roman Hajek, Michal Bar

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(1):50-54 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.023  

Six multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with a rapid progression of disability underwent immunoablative therapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) as the first-line disease-modifying therapy, between 2018 and 2021. Four out of six patients showed disability progression after AHSCT, so the rapid progression of MS was just slowed down by AHSCT. One patient developed activity on magnetic resonance imaging and two patients experienced mild relapses after AHSCT. None of the patients developed grade 4 non-hematological toxicity.

Hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and thrombophilia as the most common risk factors for retinal vein occlusion in patients under 50 yearsOriginal papers

Zuzana Schreiberova, Jiri Rehak, Barbora Babkova, Martin Sin, Martina Rybarikova, Barbora Paskova, Irena Sinova, Petra Hubnerova, Miroslava Maluskova, Klara Maresova, Marta Karhanova

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(1):44-49 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.036  

The authors confirmed that the most common abnormalities leading to retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in patients under 50 years were systemic cardiovascular diseases, particularly arterial hypertension and hyperlipidaemia, and we found out that the risk factors for central RVO (CRVO), hemi-central RVO (HRVO) and branch RVO (BRVO) were similar. To the best of our knowledge, this is the only study to date which has examined the difference between RF presence in CRVO and HRVO patients compared to BRVO patients under the age of 50.

Mortality of hospitalized patients with COVID-19: Effects of treatment options (vitamin D, anticoagulation, isoprinosine, ivermectin) assessed by propensity score matching, retrospective analysisOriginal papers

Jiri Plasek, Jozef Dodulik, Petr Gai, Barbora Hrstkova, Jan Skrha, Lukas Zlatohlavek, Renata Vlasakova, Peter Danko, Petr Ondracek, Eva Cubova, Bronislav Capek, Marie Kollarova, Tomas Furst, Jan Vaclavik

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(1):35-43 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.045  

The main findings of this retrospective analysis on 790 unvaccinated patients with COVID-19 respiratory infection may be summarized as follows: Vitamin D supplementation had no meaningful effect on in-hospital mortality. Neither isoprinosine nor ivermectin had any effect on in-hospital mortality either. Prophylactic anticoagulation treatment was to some degree beneficial compared with the full dose anticoagulation. 35.7% of patients died in the hospital: 37.7% males and 33.3% females, and the difference between sexes was not significant (except for the age group 61-70 years)

The inhibitory effects of Xiao-Gao-Jiang-Zhuo-containing serum on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytesOriginal papers

Liang Chen, Yu Han, Jing Li, Chunpeng Feng, Chen Chen, Ting Ye

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(1):25-34 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.016  

XGJZ-containing serum was obtained from obese rats treated with the XGJZ formula. The authors confirmed that XGJZ-containing serum can inhibit the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes, reduce the expression of lipogenic transcription factors, lipid accumulation, and lipid metabolism-related enzyme activity in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, thereby improving the risk of obesity and obesity-related diseases. It provides evidence for the mechanism of obesity

DNA damage and arterial hypertension. A systematic review and meta-analysisReviews

Radka Hazukova, Martina Rezacova, Miloslav Pleskot, Zdenek Zadak, Eva Cermakova, Milos Taborsky

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(1):15-24 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.044  

DNA damage is increased in hypertensive pts compared with healthy controls and this is confirmed with meta-analysis (comet: 26.6±11.0 vs 11.7±4.07; P<0.05; 8OHdG: 13.1±4.12 vs 6.97±2,67; P<0.05, gammaH2AX: no data available). Greater DNA damage is identified in more adverse cases. DNA damage correlates strongly with serum glycosylated haemoglobin (r=0.670; P<0.05) and total antioxidant status (r=-0.670 to -0.933; P<0.05). This is the first systematic review with meta-analysis showing that oxidative DNA damage is increased in humans with arterial hypertension.

Catheter ablation for non-paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. A reviewReviews

Sabri Hassouna, Pavel Osmancik

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2024, 168(1):1-14 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.053  

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Catheter ablation is currently the most effective treatment for AF. PVI as a treatment for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with a high success rate; however, outcomes for treating persistent and long-standing persistent AF with PVI alone are substantially lower. Since pulmonary vein isolation by itself is rarely sufficient in the treatment of non-paroxysmal AF, a variety of techniques have been developed to increase the efficacy of CA for non-paroxysmal AF. Different approaches include PVI-only, PVI + linear ablations, and a stepwise approach, depending on the surgeon's skills, preference, and experience. New methods such as pulsed-field ablation, using ultra-short electrical pulses, appear to be very promising.

Comprehensive home-based telerehabilitation in a morbidly obese male patient with severe obstructive sleep apnea. A case reportCase reports

Jakub Hnatiak, Lujza Zikmund Galkova, Petr Winnige, Ladislav Batalik, Filip Dosbaba, Ondrej Ludka, Jan Krejci

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(4):390-394 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.022  

OSA is the most common of sleep-related breathing disorders in males. It adversely affects not only the patient's sleep quality, but their overall QoL as well. Even though CPAP therapy represents the standard treatment for moderate to severe OSA, rehabilitation should be considered as an additional therapy to further alleviate OSA symptoms. In this case report we show significant improvement of severe OSA in a male patient after the completion of the novel 12-week, comprehensive tele-RHB program. Our findings suggest that this tele-RHB program may be a novel home-based treatment to be used in conjunction with CPAP therapy.

Pulmonary damage in a patient with hairy cell leukemia - infectious involvement or hematological disease activity? Case reportCase reports

Dominika Ecsiova, Katerina Kamaradova, Marketa Nova, Petr Hoffmann, Petra Rozsivalova, Martin Simkovic, Pavel Zak

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(4):385-389 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.026  

This case report describes the management of treatment of HCL in a 53-year-old woman who developed a rare lung condition as part of the activity of the hematological disease. The authors present the differential diagnosis of pulmonary disease in patients with HCL and the treatment approach in these patients.

Hyperprogression on anti-PD-1 treatment. Is subsequent therapy feasible? A case report and review of the literatureCase reports

Jan Skacel, Bohuslav Melichar, Beatrice Mohelnikova-Duchonova, Radmila Lemstrova

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(4):376-384 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.025  

Hyperprogression is a new phenomenon that has emerged with the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Prompt recognition and change of the treatment management is crucial. Chemotherapy based on taxanes is a reasonable option after hyperprogression. Hyperprogression is rarely observed with anti-CTLA-4 treatment.

Three-year follow-up results of two children born from a transplanted uterusOriginal papers

Jan Janota, Ekaterina Orlova, Marta Novackova, Roman Chmel Jr., Radim Brabec, Zlatko Pastor, Roman Chmel

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(4):370-375 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.042  

Uterus transplantation appears to be a perspective treatment modality of absolute uterine factor infertility but it is still at an experimental stage worldwide. In this article, observational data on pregnancy outcomes, neonatal course, growth trajectory and 3-year follow-up in two children born at our institution in 2019 to mothers after uterus transplantation were analyzed, including assessment of neurodevelopment using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition (Bayley-III). No abnormalities were observed in either prematurely born babies in terms of the neonatal course and 3-year follow-up, including the neurodevelopmental status. This is the first ever report on neurodevelopmental outcomes in children born after uterus transplantation.

Pars plana vitrectomy for vitreoretinal interface disorders coincident with intermediate stage age-related macular degenerationOriginal papers

Anna Tarkova, Libor Hejsek, Tomas Jurecka, Petra Wolkova, Martina Rubesova, Michal Hackl

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(4):366-369 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.047  

Vitreoretinal surgery for vitreoretinal disorders has similar anatomical results whether or not the outer retina is damaged by intermediate AMD. Functional results are naturally affected by the eventual disruption of the retinal pigment epithelium or photoreceptors by an age-related process. The vitreoretinal surgery has a standard security profile. It is safe and does not affect the progression of AMD in the short term.

Thoracoscopic epicardial ablation of atrial fibrillation: Safety, efficacy, single center experienceOriginal papers

Martin Troubil, Martin Simek, Jan Juchelka, Andrea Steriovsky, Roman Hajek, Petr Santavy

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(4):362-365 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.041  

An observational study evaluating the safety and efficacy of thoracoscopic ablation of atrial fibrillation in the single-center experience. The cohort consisted of 81 patients suffering from some form of atrial fibrillation, undergoing thoracoscopic ablation either as a single method of treatment or as a part of the hybrid protocol where catheter ablation was suplemented later.

Assessment of defecation disorders using high-resolution MRI-defecographyOriginal papers

Ioana Duca, Ramona Boja, Dan Lucian Dumitrascu

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(4):357-361 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.023  

As clinical examination is inadequate in functional defecation disorders, and many multiparous women are at risk for outlet obstruction constipation, our diagnostic approach emphasizes the importance of correlating dynamic MRI-defecography, anorectal manometry and psychiatric disorders. Hypertonic anal sphincter and lack of defecation reflex at anorectal manometry correlated with anismus in all patients at MRI-defecography. Many cases with terminal constipation and anismus had a good correlation between defecation dysfunction and MRI-defecography pattern and it was also often associated with anxiety-depressive disorders.

The role of abdominal ultrasonography in patients with isoattenuating pancreatic carcinomaOriginal papers

Robert Psar, Ondrej Urban, Tomas Rohan, Michal Stepan, Martin Hill, Marie Cerna

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(4):352-356 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.032  

Abdominal ultrasonography can detect secondary signs of isoattenuating pancreatic tumours with high sensitivity (88%) and has the potential to directly visualise these tumours in 21%. In this study, endoscopic ultrasonography detected a dilated pancreatic duct in isoattenuating pancreatic cancers significantly more often than abdominal ultrasonography.

Evaluation of aortic stiffness by echocardiography in tympanosclerosis patientsOriginal papers

Hikmet Hamur, Oruc Alper Onk, Resit Coskun, Muharrem Said Cosgun, Ismail Salcan, Izzet Emir

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(4):347-351 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.031  

Aortic stiffness is a well-known predictor for developing atherosclerosis. Similar pathophysiological processes based on inflammation may explain aortic stiffness and tympanosclerosis formation. In this study, aortic stiffness parameters and blood inflammatory parameters were impaired in tympanosclerosis-detected patients.

Long-term outcomes of bipolar transurethral enucleation and resection of the prostate on patients with benign prostatic obstruction: a 10-year follow-upOriginal papers

Peijie Chen, Peng Xu, Chunxiao Liu

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(4):340-346 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.034  

This 10-year follow-up indicates that B-TUERP is a safe and highly effective treatment for symptomatic BPH with lower reoperation rates. UDS value plays an important role in the preoperative judgment of surgical indications and the prediction of postoperative effect. Age, OABSS, PSA, MCC and DO may be critical predictors for urge incontinence after B-TUERP.