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Here the authors present a critical assessment of the effects of CBD on inflammatory periodontal diseases caused by bacterial virulence factors, and evaluate critically the possible benefits and drawbacks of CBD use in dentistry. Particular attention is paid to the interaction of CBD with microbially colonized oral tissues, the inflammatory response in relation to the immune response, and the destruction/regeneration of hard and soft tissues of the periodontium.

We demonstrate a family with macular dystrophy, resembling North Carolina Macular dystrophy, in which genetic analysis excluded mutations previously reported to be pathogenic for NCMD. We present modern diagnostic and therapeutic approaches and a favorable effect of anti-VEGF therapy in this very rare familial maculopathy.

If hearing preservation in vestibular schwannoma surgery is still an uncertain outcome, then achieving postoperative hearing improvement is quite rare. The presented case report describes an improvement in hearing after vestibular schwannoma surgery and discusses the prognostic factors for achieving this result.

The percentage of long-term glioblastoma survivals is slowly increasing but very late complications of the treatment are the most difficult to identify. For the first time, this case series presents three long-term survivors of GBM with stroke-like syndrome. To avoid misinterpretation of imaging findings as GBM recurrence, and avert recall oncotherapy or redundant interventions, better understanding of delayed complications of brain tumor therapy is crucial.

The authors present a current multicentric registry of cardiac device infective complications from 11 Czech centers. Mortality and the basic clinical and microbiology characteristics are described.

The authors present a case of paraneoplastic pemphigus expanding the spectrum of known associated internal malignancies describing concomitant tonsillar HPV associated squamous cell carcinoma. The oral presentation of paraneoplastic pemphigus was the first manifestation of this malignancy allowing its early detection by the whole-body 18F-FDG PET/MRI and subsequent successful treatment.

It has been reported that monozygotic twinning is increased in association with assisted reproductive techniques. The purpose of this article was to critically review the current state of knowledge in this area.

Appropriate molecular genetic techniques used for DNA analysis in early pregnancy enable us to identify a pathological variant in genes causing severe diseases in foetuses and provide information to parents on the foetus medical condition. Through genetic analysis we can also find new pathological gene variants and in this way contribute to elucidating disease etiology.

Recent scientific discoveries have to a large extent elucidated the hallmarks of aging. The stage is now set for research on anti-aging interventions. Model organisms provide essential platforms for aging research. This review provides in- depth knowledge on the model organisms which can mimic aging in higher animals and humans

Aim of this study was to highlight the possibility of using US-PEIT to treat recurrent and symptomatic thyroid cyst. In this patient cohort, the relatively small amount of alcohol (corresponding to 20% of initial volume) was sufficient to treat the cysts, with a very low incidence of complications. To our knowledge this is the third largest published patient cohort on this issue.

The prevalence of prediabetes is rapidly increasing worldwide. This disorder significantly contributes to the development of cardiovascular, oncological and other health complications. Early detection of prediabetes must not be underestimated.

This review provides insight into polymyxin resistance in bacteria with regard to changes in the outer membrane, efflux and other resistance determinants. Better knowledge of the genes involved in polymyxin resistance should pave the way for the development of new and more effective antimicrobial agents. The authors also report novel in silico tested primers for PCR assay that may distinguish colistin-resistant isolates carrying the plasmid-encoded mcr genes.

A closer view of the current situation in the gamete donation programme in the Czech Republic where anonymous donation is available. The survey on foreign and Czech future parents concluded that they prefer to retain anonymity and do not see any advantage for a child to know the identity of the donor. The authors maintain that psychosocial factors are the most important oneshealthy child development.

Recent studies of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) mostly confirm the importance of traditional especially reproduction-related risk factors but also suggest some as yet unknown factors in TNBC pathogenesis, for example HPV and EBV infections and the protective role of soya and vitamin D.

Available studies on peeling of the internal limiting membranr (ILM) follow mainly short-term visual outcomes. Our study is unique in following patients for a period of 3-4 years. The results show that peeling of the ILM is damaging to the visual centres of the brain, not only by the surgical intervention but also contralaterally. No similar study has yet been published to the best of our knowledge.

In this study, the authors investigated antioxidant enzyme activity in recurrent tonsillitis and idiopathic tonsillar hypertrophy diseases. They showed increased levels of glutathione s transferase levels in a recurrent tonsillitis group also detected at tissue level. To their knowledge, this is the first study showing this relation supported at a tissue level.

This document represents the opinions and recommendations of the expert group commissioned by the Czech Pneumological and Phthisiological Society regarding diagnosis, management and treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. This position paper builds upon the previous version of 2013 and on recent scientific knowledge. The recommendations made in this document incorporate data from both randomized clinical trials and real-life studies. The paper is based on clinical phenotypes of COPD and employs the treatable traits concept for COPD treatment. It does not contradict the GOLD reports and refers to their basic concepts. However, the recommendations made in this paper more precisely reflect the heterogeneity of COPD and are more detailed, patient-centered and personalized.

This review summarizes the present knowledge of the effect of tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes on the progression of malignant melanoma, and focuses particularly on regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) and immune checkpoints (PD1/PD-L1).

This paper tried to examine an interrelation between low dose metallic content and a lymphocyte-driven response of periprosthetic tissues. Growing concentrations of prosthetic particles in time is associated with non-specific and complex periprosthetic tissue response including areas of lymphocytic infiltrations. However, specific metal-induced changes have not been observed.

In this manuscript, the authors show that a prophylactic temporary occlusion of internal iliac arteries in patients with abnormal placenta during Caesarean section is a simple and effective method with very low estimated fetal dose.

Recent studies show several non-motor features that may precede the development of the motor symptoms of PD. The best known include hyposmia, REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), constipation, and depression; other symptoms are excessive daytime somnolence, orthostatic hypotension and symptomatic hypotension, erectile or urinary dysfunction, musculoskeletal symptoms, pain, and global cognitive deficit. The aim of this review is to summarize the currently available methods for diagnosing these premotor symptoms of PD which may help in the early diagnosis of PD.

This review covers information on pulmonary aluminosis, a rare condition occurring in relation to occupational exposure to aluminium-containing dust. Various sources of exposure including specific types of aluminium compounds are described with respect to the development of knowledge on pulmonary aluminosis. The importance of prevention and exposure monitoring is emphasized.

Pseudoactinomycotic radiate granules (PAMRAGs) are eosinophilic formations simulating true actinomycotic sulphur granules commonly present in the female genital tract. The PAMRAGs must be taken in the histopathologic differential diagnosis of oesinophilic radiate granules in the maxillary sinus. The presence of surrounding immunoglobulin precipitates the supporting immune mechanism involved in their formation. Their clinical relevance resides in the risk of unnecessary long-term antibiotic treatment if misdiagnosed for actinomycosis.

The results of this research focused on vessel density, retinal nerve fibre layer and visual field in normotensive and hypertensive glaucoma takes a new view on both diseases. The therapy of normotensive glaucoma should be not based on intraocular pressure lowering, but on better blood circulation in back pole of eye and optic nerve.

The article provides an up-to-date overview of the current awareness of a new type of coronavirus. It is introduced with current information on the course of COVID-19 infections. The authors further offer recommendations on how to proceed with possible modification of immunomodulatory therapy in multiple sclerosis in the light of COVID-19 infection, since it is more difficult for physicians to recommend appropriate therapy if a patient develops COVID-19, especially if the patient is also suffering from another disease that may be exacerbated by a new type of coronavirus.

COVID-19 can alter adrenal gland function by multiple mechanisms. And also, it is predicted that there may be a critical illness-related change in the pharmacokinetics of glucocorticoids in COVID-19 infection. These effects should be taken into account when using glucocorticoids in COVID-19 patients with or without previously known adrenal insufficiency. In patients with adrenal insufficiency, a more dynamic approach and close follow-up are required for glucocorticoid replacement in patients with COVID-19.

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is a rare tumor of the paranasal sinuses with high bleeding potential and so embolisation of the tumor prior to the surgical resection should be considered.

This paper focuses on current knowledge of the pathophysiology of anemia in CKD. It provides details on the physiology and pathophysiology of erythropoietin and iron metabolism in CKD and briefly discusses other known factors which may be important for the development of renal anemia. Understanding the pathophysiology of anemia in CKD is crucial for optimal management of anemia. Changes in treating anemia in patients with CKD which have created new recomendations (KDIGO, 2012) to the American (KDOQI, 2006) and European (ERBP, 2004) are summarized.

Cardiac sarcoidosis is increasingly recognised as an important cause of life-threatening arrhythmias and heart failure. The aim of this review is to provide readers with current views on the etiopathogenesis, diagnostic and therapeutic options for this condition.

Bone is the second most commonly transplanted tissue. For large-scale bone injuries, it is necessary to use optimal bone replacements, often made of titanium or titanium alloys. Insufficient healing can lead to serious complications. The surface of a titanium implant needs to be treated to increase its roughness. This will improve cell adhesion and following implant osseointegration. In this review, the authors explain and compare methods currently used for treating titanium implants aimed at improving the bone-implant contact and reducing the risk of complications.