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The subject, visceral fat and insulin resistance in obese patients is topical and much published. This review covers current knowledge of the subject complemented by an original table and two pictures that have not been published anywhere. The paragraph "Conclusions and future directions" is also unique because these solutions have not been proposed to date.

This article describes the use of kinematic analysis of movement in newborns. By determining the center of mass (COM) and its motion in time, neonatal postural activity may be indirectly assessed. Significant differences in certain characteristics of motion of the COM in the group of preterm infants were found.

This paper summarises recent evidence on of the structure and functions of tissue factor. It covers the role of tissue factor and its inhibitor in blood coagulation, the inflammatory response, angiogenesis and cell migration. The paper is specifically aimed at the role of tissue factor in the uteroplacental vessel network during physiological pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia

Mucosal administration systems offer an alternative to the oral route when the latter is not tolerated, contraindicated or refused. Perindopril arginine and Amlodipine besylate are registered in the EU in the form of orodispersible tablets for mucosal delivery, however, they are not available in all countries. Antihypertensive drugs Captopril and Nitrendipine administered sublingually are commonly used in hypertensive urgencies. Metoprolol tartrate suppositories have only been tested in pharmacokinetic studies in humans. Propranolol suppositories have been reported clinically in a case report. Furosemide suppositories have been tested in animals, but there are no reports of their use in humans. New insights into a practical approach: a) First use of Furosemide-containing suppositories in a human subject. b) A successful regimen of four different antihypertensive drugs administered long-term via the mucosal route (rectal Furosemide and Metoprolol tartrate combined with sublingual Captopril and Nitrendipine).

Clinical monitoring during volatile anesthesia provides adequate protection during surgery. However, during intravenous anesthesia, the observation of clinical parameters is insufficient for stable maintenance of anesthesia and does not prevent intraoperative awareness. Clinical monitoring itself does not exclude periods of too deep anesthesia. The AAI index is a useful tool in monitoring patients' level of conscience during anesthesia.

The autonomic nevous system can be impaired in the presence of atheroma in the carotid sinus region. The authors assessed the effect of elective unilateral carotid endarterectomy on cardiovascular autonomic functions as a major prognostic factor of cardiovascular health.

Insomnia affects a large percentage of cystic fibrosis patients and reduces the quality of life. Anxiety and depression are factors that increase the risk of insomnia. Steps should be taken to identify predictors of insomnia such as anxiety and depression and implement appropriate remedial measures.

There has been much recent attention on tumoral lymphangiogenesis. Relevant information on malignant salivary gland tumors is very limited and virtually non existent on benign forms. The presented paper demonstrates that Warthin´s tumor but not other benign salivary adenomas is rich in stromal lymphatics. This difference is due to lymphoid stroma in the former lesion, producing major lymphangiogenic factors.

Methylation of tumor suppressor genes in sinonasal carcinoma is an important event and it has the potential to serve as a prognostic biomarker.

In the past, supernumerary teeth caused mainly esthetic and sometimes orthodontic problems. Recently, successful allo- and auto-transplantation of these teeth have been reported, but studies on their durability and resistance to tooth decay still do not exist. It is clear that the degree of mineralization is very important factor for the resistance. The goal of this study was to determine the differences in inorganic mineral content in supernumerary and healthy teeth.

The review summarizes the current view of the diagnosis of retrocochlear sensorineural hearing loss, the sensitivity of audiological methods in comparison to MRI for diagnosing a CPA mass. The authors conclude that in light of a more conservative treatment approach to CPA tumours, audiological methods are still a valuable alternative to MRI especially in terms of cost-effectiveness in the case of the Czech healthcare system.

In about 30-40% of patients undergoing visceral organ transplantation, the abdominal compartment is retracted and to varying degrees direct closure of the abdominal wall is problematic. In some cases, abdominal wall allotransplantation is the only viable option available. This review provides evidence that this procedure is viable and is not followed by any higher risk of complications or rejection of the visceral organs.

Delirium and brain dysfunction, is frequent complication in critically ill patients. The primary aim of this study was to recognize and explore risk factors of the development delirium to allow prevention. The main risk factors are age, APACHE II score, admission type, alcohol abuse in anamnesis, length of ICU stay, duration of artificial ventilation, need for vasopressors, and the use of drug-induced sedation.

The effectiveness of the WinROP system was tested in a population of 445 prematurely born infants from the Czech Republic. WinROP proved to be a valuable tool as it correctly identified all 24 patients who developed Type 1 or Type 2 ROP requiring or potentially requiring intervention.

The authors argue that a significant reproducibility crisis is under way in medical research. Two causes are discussed, perverse incentives and inapropriate statistics, and a way forward is offered.

This paper provides evidence supporting the use of the synovial white cell count as well as neutrophil and lymphocyte percentages in the diagnostic workup for prosthetic joint infection.

A survey questionnaire study of neonates with gastroschisis gives unique feedback on their somatic growth and quality of life.

The aim of this study was to assess the clinical benefit of several parameters measured from CT pulmonary angiography. Their relation to clinical outcome - administration of thrombolytic therapy and to other currently used methods (biomarkers,echocardiography) were studied. The statistical analysis, showed the RV/LV diameter ratio measured from CT images was the most valid parameter.

The authors found significantly higher levels of carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus than healthy controls. This is a first study on CML levels in connection with persisting glucose abnormality postpartum.

The study confirmed the significance of immunoglobulin heavy/light chain ratio corrected index, id est the ratio of serum levels of involved/uninvolved immunoglobulin heavy/light chain levels to standard prognostic factors and stages 1-3 according to Durie-Salmon and International Staging System in IgG and IgA type of multiple myeloma.

This study focused on the differences between patients with biopsy-proven inflammatory cardiomyopathy with and without improved left ventricular systolic function. Although a higher number of inflammatory cells at baseline and more pronounced decline to follow-up biopsy were observed in the group with improved ejection fraction of the left ventricle, supporting the hypothesis that initial more intense inflammatory changes lead to more rapid retreat of myocardial inflammation and is associated with improved left ventricular function, in the multivariate analysis only NTproBNP level at baseline was confirmed as an independent predictor of improved ejection fraction of the left ventricle.

A number of genes associated with the development and function of synapses play significant roles in autism. This review focuses on deficits in synaptic proteins associated with autism and animal genetic models of autism with respect to alterations in selected synaptic proteins such as neuroligins, neurexins and shank proteins.

Pediatric patients with erythrocyte membrane defect and thalassemia trait show disturbed balance between erythropoiesis and iron metabolism. The (hepcidin/ferritin)/sTfR ratio distinguishes patients with erythrocyte membrane defect and the thalassemia trait from healthy populations. These patients should be followed up for possible alterations in erythropoietic activity and potential risk of excessive iron accumulation.

Aim: To compare assessment of fibrinogen by thromboelastography with the standard von Clauss method. Methods: Observational prospective study. Results: Thromboelastography provides direct and complex evaluation of the entire coagulation cascade based upon changes in blood viscosity. It affects both platelets and plasma components. New application of this method measures fibrinogen contribution to coagulation as opposed to fibrinogen antigen levels measured by immunoassay. Paired samples from 117 patients before cardiopulmonary bypass were compared. A moderate correlation was found between fibrinogen and functional fibrinogen with a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.476. Conclusion: The functional fibrinogen test is a valid point-of-care method for fibrinogen assay with a moderate correlation to the standard method.

This study relates to the current topic of imaging methods in supporting ablation of atrial fibrillation. From the literature, no prior study has compared the clinical outcomes of ablation procedures using 3D rotational angiography as a substitute for cardiac CT. The clinical results of this study demonstrate the utility of 3D rotation angiography as an adequate alternative to a commonly performed CT scan.

Adhesive interactions are vital for the persistence of both normal and malignant cells. Malignant cells trigger positive feedback loops causing adhesion molecule inflammatory overexpression. Disruption of adhesive interactions can overcome the high resistance to treatment and increase the selectivity of malignant cell targeting. Understanding adhesive interactions may underlie the basis of novel therapeutic approaches.

This case report describes an interesting case of overt hyperthyroidism in a thyroidectomised patient. It illustrates the clinical search for functional ectopic thyroid tissue utilizing a multidisciplinary clinical approach.

A case report of a patient with rare duodenal localization of MALT lymphoma. The extremely rare manifestation of this neoplasm is described.

This paper focuses on current knowledge of the pathophysiology of anemia in CKD. It provides details on the physiology and pathophysiology of erythropoietin and iron metabolism in CKD and briefly discusses other known factors which may be important for the development of renal anemia. Understanding the pathophysiology of anemia in CKD is crucial for optimal management of anemia. Changes in treating anemia in patients with CKD which have created new recomendations (KDIGO, 2012) to the American (KDOQI, 2006) and European (ERBP, 2004) are summarized.

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the outcomes of the anti-VEGF treatment in patients with the wet form of AMD in real clinical practise in Czech Republic. A comparison of the results with clinical trials was surprising. A sub analysis of the results identified parameters that could predict treatment success.