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Resveratrol significantly reduced the mortality rate of septic rats and relieved acute kidney injury, probably by weakening endoplasmic reticulum stress, suppressing activation of the NF-κB pathway and alleviating the inflammatory response.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in elderly individuals in developed countries. The etiology of AMD is thought to be multifactorial, including environmental and genetic factors. Macular degenerative changes occur due to the formation of drusen, about 40% of which is lipids. As the CYP2J2 gene is involved in the metabolism of lipids, it was selected for investigation in this study. The results revealed that the CYP2J2 (-76G>T) TT genotype may be associated with reduced manifestation of early stage AMD. A larger sample is required for further analysis.

Congenital ichthyoses are a very heterogeneous group of more than 20 diseases manifested by very dry, rough and scaling skin. They belong into a group of rare diseases - keratodermies. The heredity is generally autosomal dominant or X-linked recessive but autosomal recessive (AR). Currently, the diagnosis of congenital ichthyoses is based on molecular analysis, which also allows complete genetic counseling and genetic prevention. With the molecular analysis of DNA, pathogenic mutations can be identified and a prognosis of the ichthyosis can be made.

The authors of this study tried to determine if CETP gene polymorphisms had any associations with PA. They found that rs708272 genotype G/A could be linked to a decreased risk of the PA

Determining the factors predicting thrombus burden has great importance in predicting adverse cardiovascular events as well as determining the most appropriate treatment strategy to prevent failure in PCI. EAT was found to be an independent predictor of coronary thrombus burden in STEMI.

Hypercoagulability in SARS-CoV-2 infection is part of the complex pathogenesis of the disease. Thrombotic risk quantification and personalized anticoagulant therapy are necessary to avoid unfavorable evolution.

There is no ideal agent for obstetric general anesthesia. In this study, remifentanil demonstrated better control of maternal hemodynamic stability, while dexmedetomidine demonstrated better neonatal Apgar scores, maternal postoperative analgesia, and decreased maternal catecholamine release. The results offer novel insights into improving anesthetic management of mothers and neonates during cesarean section under general anesthesia.

This study first describes the effect of different administration modes (topical, intravenous and combination) of tranexamic acid (TXA) on the plasma levels of plasminogen, D-dimers and FDP in patients undergoing TKA surgery. The largest antifibrinolytic effect was associated with intravenous administration of TXA. No intervention was found to significantly interfer with the process associated with systemic fibrinolysis, although D-dimers and FDPs increased over the first 12 hours after surgery and culminated around 6 hours after surgery.

It is important to perform a postmortem examination to confirm the diagnosis in case of termination of pregnancy due to congenital heart defect. A postmortem examination of an aborted fetus is an important tool to assess the quality and accuracy of the work by prenatal sonographers.

Pseudoactinomycotic radiate granules (PAMRAGs) are eosinophilic formations simulating true actinomycotic sulphur granules commonly present in the female genital tract. The PAMRAGs must be taken in the histopathologic differential diagnosis of oesinophilic radiate granules in the maxillary sinus. The presence of surrounding immunoglobulin precipitates the supporting immune mechanism involved in their formation. Their clinical relevance resides in the risk of unnecessary long-term antibiotic treatment if misdiagnosed for actinomycosis.

Single agent daratumumab has significant activity in highly pretreated MM patients. The effect is maintained even in an unselected real world population and in patients refractory to previous treatment including proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs.

Paramyotonia congenita (PMC) is an autosomal dominant disorder with paradoxical myotonia, defined as increased stiffness on repeated activities, and cold-induced muscle stiffness. Only a few families with no genetic testing have been reported in Slovakia. The authors analyzed SCN4A genetic mutations in 3 Slovak families clinically diagnosed with paramyotonia. They identified 2 mutations in the SCN4A gene associated with PMC. The results highlight the importance of screening SCN4A in genetic studies of non-dystrophic myotonias.

This review covers possible changes in the anterior segment of the eye after uncomplicated pars plana vitrectomy. The goal was to provide clinically-related conclusions from the studies as there are almost no comprehensive clinical reviews on this subject.

The authors report on the efficacy of a staged hybrid technique for atrial fibrillation which combines the mini-invasive thoracoscopic approach and endocardial treatment (two-stage hybrid procedure). The midterm outcomes for paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation are good with a very low incidence of post-operative complications.

The HOMA1-IR index is the most frequently proposed indirect index of insulin resistance assessment in clinical and laboratory practice, and its use is also widespread in epidemiological studies. There is a justified need to set reference intervals for indirect insulin resistance indicators for particular populations, ethnic groups, etc. in order to reliably diagnose insulin resistance and increase metabolic disease prevention. When defining reference intervals, various limitations should be taken into account, primarily analytical and pre-analytical ones and differences between populations.

This review summarises recent knowledge on IL-22 in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and proposes a functional link between IL-22 and two transcription factors - c-Maf and AHR.

In a case series of nine patients for cardiac surgery, the authors examined biomarkers of neuroaxonal injury to predict and detect delirium. Cardiopulmonary bypass procedures induce an increase in neuroaxonal injury biomarkers in contrast to off-pump surgery procedures. Pre-operative tau protein levels may predict postoperative delirium. Post-operative longitudinal NfL levels might help to detect the emergence of delirium.

Repair of inguinal hernia represents one of the most frequent general surgical operations in newborns, infants, and toddlers. Injury to the vas deferens (VD) during herniotomy is one of the most common complications in 0.8-2.0 % of cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the different vasovasostomy techniques can be performed using only the operating loupe in a rat model. This operating method is predicted to be applicable in standard departments of pediatric surgery.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells are an attractive therapeutic approach in regenerative medicine. This review summarizes the achievements and failures of current in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies that seek to provide evidence for MSC efficacy in cardiology.

One of the most important factors that increase the risk of tumor recurrence is perineural and bone invasion. In this review we focus on the molecular mechanisms affecting local invasiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma which can have impact on more accurate preoperative diagnosis of bone invasion and subsequent tailor-made therapy.

This study examines the clinical utility of magnetic resonance imaging as part of diagnostic procedures on autism. The key finding of the study was that corpus callosum hypoplasia was significantly more common in the autistic compared to the control group (13.7 vs. 0%), and it appears to be the rather specific finding, which should raise suspicion of autism.

There is increased prevalence of inguinal hernia in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. However limited data exists regarding the presence of abdominal aortic aneurysm in patients with inguinal hernia. This study showed that there is an increased prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm in patients with inguinal hernia, especially in smokers, with hypertension and with bilateral or direct hernia. Periodic ultrasonound examination may play an important role in screening and early diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm in these patients.

Infection of the AVG is a serious and life-threatening complication. ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and ^99mTc-HMPAO-WBC SPECT/CT can both serve as important tools contributing to early diagnosis of AVG infection.

In multiple sclerosis, deep grey matter (DGM) atrophy is recognised as a crucial component of the disease that presents early and is associated with disability. The authors found that metabolomics of hypothalamus using 1H-Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) together with simple planimetry of the third ventricular width at the hypothalamic level (3VW) in T1 weighted MRI pictures reliably detect neurodegeneration of the DGM. The ratio of Glutamate to N-acetylaspartate and 3VW were the only relevant predictors of severity of MS. Glutamate-related 1H-MRS parameters seem to be superior to other metabolites in determining disease burden, independently of otherwise powerful 3VW planimetry.

This article decribes an unexpected diagnosis of CAIS in two siblings during examination for short stature, transmission/carriers in this family and ethical aspects of disorders of sexual development.

The authors present recent information on important opportunistic BK virus infection that is responsible for the considerable percentage of kidney transplant failuresm, often in the first year. Despite the relatively good knowledge of epidemiology, pathogenesis and risk factors of its origin, the screening, prophylactic and especially therapeutic procedures for active BK virus replication or BK virus nephropathy are still not clearly defined. The paper discusses inconsistent strategies in the management of this infectious complication, refers to ongoing studies, the experiences of the authors and outlines future prophylactic and therapeutic options including retransplantation in these patients.

Maternal thyroid dysfunction is associated with increased risk of various adverse maternal and child outcomes. The prevalence of maternal hypothyroidism is not well established. The prevalence of hypothyroidism for twin pregnancies was no higher than that for singleton pregnancies; 6.42 % (7/ 109) vs. 5.32 % (264/ 4965), respectively; P = 0.61.

In this study, the authors investigated antioxidant enzyme activity in recurrent tonsillitis and idiopathic tonsillar hypertrophy diseases. They showed increased levels of glutathione s transferase levels in a recurrent tonsillitis group also detected at tissue level. To their knowledge, this is the first study showing this relation supported at a tissue level.

The authors present a study comparing the strategy of early and standard discharge in selected patients after myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation (STEMI). The results show the possibility and safety of a length of hospital stay of 48-72 h and further support the recently released new version of ESC guidelines for STEMI in terms of the level of evidence for the strategy with the shorter recommended length of hospital stay.

The percutaneous approach can reach all mediastinal parts using only local anesthesia and CT guidance. The biopsies of the affected middle mediastinum areas are associated with statistically higher non-serious complication rates while preserving a high diagnostic accuracy.