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In this manuscript, the authors show that a prophylactic temporary occlusion of internal iliac arteries in patients with abnormal placenta during Caesarean section is a simple and effective method with very low estimated fetal dose.

Direct visual monitoring of micro-vascular flaps is still generally and preferentially used. In cases where the flap is not exposed - buried or semi-buried flap, direct visual monitoring is not straightforward. However, apart from a few exceptions, each micro-surgical flap can be designed as a composite which includes a skin island that can serve as a direct monitor of flap viability. This review describes all the published techniques for externalising part of a buried flap. It also defines which tissues are suitable to be used as an externalised component of the flap and summarises the principles that need to be observed to achieve the greatest reliability and validity of the externalised flap's segment monitoring.

The article documents a pronounced and continuous decrease in AMI incidence, fatality and long-term post AMI mortality on a national scale as the first such study in one of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The decrease in mortality of patients who were treated in hospital for AMI is very similar to the decrease in mortality of patients who actually did not receive any treatment for AMI - dying outside hospital or diagnosed AMI post mortem. We see this as proof of improved primary and secondary CHD prevention which document our data on cardiovascular prevention and treatments. However, the tremendous impact of progress in acute coronary care has to be acknowledged as well.

In this study, the authors sought to find an endothelial substance that has significantly different plasmatic concentration in persons with incipient essential hypertension compared to healthy individuals. This substance has been shown to be nitric oxide (NO), the major endothelial vasodilator. The authors further showed that the plasmatic concentration of NO does not change even after the initiation of intensive antihypertensive treatment and also that endothelial dysfunction cannot be assessed by determining the level of one or more endothelial substances due to very complex interactions of individual substances and the large number of individual modifying factors.

This review opens up new perspectives for the treatment of IBD and CRC. In particular, the use of EVs derived from the intestinal microbiota could represent an innovative, safe and effective therapeutic strategy, as an adjuvant therapy for these pathologies.

The authors report the first case of full-term delivery of twins after curative chemoradiotherapy for anorectal adenocarcinoma T2 N0 M0 with a total dose of 58.6 Gy (after in vitro fertilisation procedure) 10 years after the radiotherapy treatment. The applied dose to the uterus allows us to propose an increased limit dose enabling fertility sparing beyond the limits achieved from total body irradiation series with 12-14 Gy and accept 16 Gy as the uterine body (35 Gy for uterine cervix) limit for IMRT treatment planning in young patients asking for maintaining fertility potential.

This study evaluates anamnestic and medical data and oral conditions in one year-old preterm very low and extremely low birthweight infants and compares these findings with one year- old full-term normal birthweight infants. Preterm birth with very low and extremely low birthweight may be an indicator of enamel hypoplasia, delayed primary teeth eruption and abnormal hard palate formation.

Cardiac sarcoidosis is increasingly recognised as an important cause of life-threatening arrhythmias and heart failure. The aim of this review is to provide readers with current views on the etiopathogenesis, diagnostic and therapeutic options for this condition.

COVID-19 can alter adrenal gland function by multiple mechanisms. And also, it is predicted that there may be a critical illness-related change in the pharmacokinetics of glucocorticoids in COVID-19 infection. These effects should be taken into account when using glucocorticoids in COVID-19 patients with or without previously known adrenal insufficiency. In patients with adrenal insufficiency, a more dynamic approach and close follow-up are required for glucocorticoid replacement in patients with COVID-19.

This initial experience and preliminary results confirm the safety of the combined treatment modality of CRS/HIPEC although the results are limited by the size and heterogeneity of the cohort. More complications were seen in HIPEC with oxaliplatin in the presented cohort.

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a priority emergency for emergency medical services. The success rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a fundamental parameter of the quality of provided pre-hospital emergency care. The study confirmed that the epidemiology of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the Pilsen region corresponds to the data from other studies worldwide. The resulting survival rate with good neurological score was found to be higher than a number of other studies.

The change of segmental sagittal profile of the cervical spine after 1- or 2-level anterior cervical discectomy and implantation of anchored cage correlates weakly with the change of global sagittal profile.

The authors present an extremely rare case of coexistent enteric and neurenteric cysts of the neck. Enteric cysts alone are very sporadic in the neck region with just several cases described in the literature. Both formations are believed to be derivates of the posterior foregut. However, their embryopathogenesis has not been elucidated satisfactorily as yet. The split notochord hypothesis has been widely accepted for cysts associated with vertebral anomalies. A problem arises in cases with absent transvertebral communication between the cysts. We present a hypothesis that normal vertebrae may be formed in patients with enteric cysts.

The results of this research focused on vessel density, retinal nerve fibre layer and visual field in normotensive and hypertensive glaucoma takes a new view on both diseases. The therapy of normotensive glaucoma should be not based on intraocular pressure lowering, but on better blood circulation in back pole of eye and optic nerve.

The development of left ventricular thrombus (LVT) is a serious complication of acute myocardial infarction due to the risk of systemic arterial embolism. Although the incidence of LVT has dropped due to timely and effective reperfusion therapy, it is still a serious complication resulting increased mortality and morbidity. However, at the present time, LVT diagnostics is often neglected and insufficient. This review provides an overview of the diagnostics and treatment of this serious condition.

The authors constructed, and validated a new prognostic index (CADOT). The CADOT index improves the ability of physicians to care for elderly patients suffering from COPD and comorbidities and can help assess the risk of death.

The cumulative incidence of events associated with difficult airway in paediatric anaesthesia can be up to 10%, which is higher than previously reported. The efficacy of difficult airway prediction remains very low.

Analysis of all beta-blockers utilization in all patients treated for heart failure in the whole country. The analysis indicates a good translation of current standard of care into common clinical practice based on comparison of drug prescription with specific heart failure registries. Metoprolol remains the mostly prescribed drug. The prescription of bisoprolol and nebivolol increases at the expense of carvedilol.

The first report on serial BNP monitoring in out-patients with a continuous-flow LVAD. BNP changes allow identification of clinical events with the need for further diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of the Pleuralvent™ device and classic chest tube, in which the clinical data in the treatment of iatrogenic pneumothorax were lacking. According to the results of the study, the use of the Pleuralvent™ device could become the new standard in the treatment of iatrogenic pneumothorax.

In this pilot study, the authors are the first to assess the genetic architecture of recent-onset dilated cardiomyopathy in 83 individuals from the region of Moravia in the Czech Republic by whole-exome sequencing (WES). WES detected at least one disease-related variant in 54% of patients, highlight the genetic origin of the disease. Individuals with disease-related variants of non-titin genes showed impaired left ventricular reverse remodelling, a marker of poor prognosis, at 12-month follow-up compared to individuals with no genetic cause.

In this work, the authors present data on macrophage (M1/M2) phenotyping in subcutaneous and visceral fat tissues of morbidly obese patients, both with, and without, diabetes.

This review deals with current issues of uterine transplantation (UTx) in the treatment of female sterility caused by absolute uterine factor infertility. This promising method of treatment is still at an experimental stage worldwide. Current controversial areas of this treatment are discussed in terms of the interest in UTx, the individual risks to the recipients, the use of living or deceased donors and their parity, the surgical risks to the donors, the venous outflow from the uterus, the collection of embryos before transplantation, the reproductive success, and the creation of an international registry of infertile women treated with both uterine transplantation and assisted reproductive technologies.

Chromosomal abnormalities of the melanoma can accurately predict the risk of metastases in affected patients. Testing is routinely carried out in oncology care in the United States and in some European states. These are the first results from the Czech population.

The IGF-IGF-1R axis plays a role in the development of papillary and anaplastic thyroid cancers. Serum concentrations of IGF-1 and IGF-1R may thus be considered additional markers for the differentiation of malignancies during the preoperative diagnosis of patients with thyroid gland tumors.

Glioblastoma pseudoprogession is dependent, by definition, on the location within the RT high dose field, however, there is lack of routine reporting of RT isodoses to radiologists during glioma follow up. Using blinded contouring and a number of different indices, we found poor awareness among routine clinical radiologists of per-protocol constructed target volumes for adjuvant glioblastoma RT, thus, automatic tools for exporting of RT target volumes would be very useful for routine clinical practice.

This review summarizes the present knowledge of the effect of tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes on the progression of malignant melanoma, and focuses particularly on regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) and immune checkpoints (PD1/PD-L1).

Neither AF inducibility or the presence or absence of its early spontaneous termination after pulmonary vein isolation under general anaesthesia in paroxysmal AF patients are useful as predictors of arrhythmia recurrence during 12 months after ablation. The clinical usefulness of rapid atrial stimulation / AF induction in paroxysmal AF patients after pulmonary veins isolation remains questionable.

A case report of patient with unique diagnosis of chronic calcified subdural hematoma. The patient underwent successful surgical treatment - craniotomy and evacuation of subdural mass with complete resolution of preoperative neurological symptoms.

The authors describe visfatin measurement in young persons with acute coronary syndrome using new techniques.