Fulltext search in archive

This is a retrospective analysis of ultrasound findings in axillary lymph nodes in the patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer. The study focuses on the minimal morphological changes as early signs of metastatic involvement. This could be the basis for the design of a scoring system to evaluate axillary lymph nodes apropos sonographic features and with regard to the type of primary breast cancer and its aggressiveness. This retrospective evaluation and research may contribute to better ultrasound evaluation of lymph nodes in breast cancer patients

Uterus transplantation appears to be a perspective treatment modality of absolute uterine factor infertility but it is still at an experimental stage worldwide. In this article, observational data on pregnancy outcomes, neonatal course, growth trajectory and 3-year follow-up in two children born at our institution in 2019 to mothers after uterus transplantation were analyzed, including assessment of neurodevelopment using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition (Bayley-III). No abnormalities were observed in either prematurely born babies in terms of the neonatal course and 3-year follow-up, including the neurodevelopmental status. This is the first ever report on neurodevelopmental outcomes in children born after uterus transplantation.

Identifying infants and toddlers with abusive head trauma is challenging. Finding any evidence of trauma in these children is therefore very important. Dedicated skeletal radiographs of the whole skeleton should be performed in all children younger than two years evaluated for possible abuse. Our study showed that dedicated skeletal radiographs were only performed in 62% of children younger than two years evaluated for suspected abusive head trauma. Clinically occult fractures were revealed in 31% of these children. Moreover, the majority of these fractures had high specificity for abuse. Attention should be paid to increasing awareness of child abuse imaging protocols.

Multiple sclerosis treatment strategies are changing in the Czech Republic. According to data from 2013-2021, the proportion of patients starting high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies is increasing. These findings come from the Czech National Multiple Sclerosis Registry ReMuS which provides a quality source of data for not only scientific publications, but national regulatory authorities as well. Its outputs offer feedback and a means for improving the management of multiple sclerosis in the future.

The use of epidural analgesia in neonates raises concerns due to possible drug cumulation and toxicity. In general, studying PK and modelling using plasma concentrations of the used local anaesthetic (LA) in neonates is applicable in daily clinical practice because the intravenous blood volume is small, and the number of samples does not have to be large. To the best of their knowledge, this is the first case report of the pharmacokinetic profile of levobupivacaine (LA) achieving pharmacotherapy goals during epidural use in preterm neonates. A special adjustment of the laboratory method reduced the blood samples to 0.2-0.5 mL each. Although elimination of levobupivacaine was prolonged, no accumulation occurred and concentrations of total and free levobupivacaine were well below the toxicity threshold. Epidural analgesia at this age should be monitored and used with caution.

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a surgical modality that resolves ischemic myocardial disease. The success of the procedure depends on a number of factors. Construction of the anastomosis and graft characteristics play a functional role in graft patency. This follow-up analysis of a study on the effects of endoscopic vein harvest after bypass surgery compared the outcome of sequential anastomoses and single grafts, vein graft length and diameter, calcium score, and target artery quality on long-term vein graft patency. The differences between sequential and individual grafts were not statistically significant. Graft and target artery diameters had a statistically significant influence on patency. Longer graft lengths and higher calcium scores were associated with statistically significant graft occlusion.

The main findings of this retrospective analysis on 790 unvaccinated patients with COVID-19 respiratory infection may be summarized as follows: Vitamin D supplementation had no meaningful effect on in-hospital mortality. Neither isoprinosine nor ivermectin had any effect on in-hospital mortality either. Prophylactic anticoagulation treatment was to some degree beneficial compared with the full dose anticoagulation. 35.7% of patients died in the hospital: 37.7% males and 33.3% females, and the difference between sexes was not significant (except for the age group 61-70 years)

This work describes the first robotic assisted living donor nephrectomy in the Czech Republic which was performed in June 2022. Worldwide, this operation was first carried out in 2001 and has now become common practice at many workplaces. It not only provides all the advantages of a laparoscopic operation but it also adds other technical improvements and minimizes intraoperative stress on the surgeon. The authors believe this breakthrough in the Czech Republic will trigger an increase in robotic assisted kidney harvesting. This paper also incorporates our ten-year experience in living donor nephrectomies, conducted using various techniques.

Progress in the of diagnostic and neurosurgical techniques of the last decade have enabled even safe resection of suspected GBMs located in eloquent brain regions. Currently, patients indicated for only the needle biopsy represent a minority group with a common poor prognosis. The purpose of stereotactic biopsy is to obviate misdiagnosis and to choose the optimal treatment strategy. The aim of this paper is to evaluate life expectancy in patients with GBM confirmed by needle biopsy and the relationship with the following oncotherapy. Patients in this study who had undergone oncotherapy, had a slight increase in overall survival. The effect of this treatment was enhanced in patients with favourable clinical factors such as age and Karnofsky score.

Early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and successful treatment is difficult. The optimization strategy is linked to identifying the specific subgroups of pancreatitis. To improve prognosis, it is crucial to identify patients at risk, in other words patients following acute pancreatitis and those with recurrent acute pancreatitis. The risk for pancreatic cancer development is very high in patients who are positive for other risk factors such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, alcohol abuse, smoking etc.

This is a review of current and new methods for improving on the sensitivity of biliary stenoses examinations, especially in relation to suspected carcinoma. Included are fluorescence in situ hybridization, next generation sequencing, the immunocolorimetric ELISA test, methylation markers of DNA and liquid. biopsy.

This 10-year follow-up indicates that B-TUERP is a safe and highly effective treatment for symptomatic BPH with lower reoperation rates. UDS value plays an important role in the preoperative judgment of surgical indications and the prediction of postoperative effect. Age, OABSS, PSA, MCC and DO may be critical predictors for urge incontinence after B-TUERP.

The IL-23/IL-17 pathogenic axis plays a key role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Vitamin D is thought to be involved in the development of many diseases by modulating the inflammatory process. The study established a moderate negative correlation between 25(OH)D levels and the PASI score suggesting participation of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Significantly higher concentrations of pro-inflammatory IL-17A and IL-18 in individuals with cardio-metabolic diseases (CMDs) in the study cohort and elevated levels of these cytokines in psoriasis patients with CMDs were detected.

The communication on pemphigoid gestationis is of paramount importance not only because of the need to report such a serious disease in a professional journal, but also as a recommendation for possible treatment of this rare condition in pregnancy which a large number physicians and especially obstetricians may not encounter in their entire careers. As with other diseases, early and accurate diagnosis and subsequent early therapy is of primary importance, to obviate major deterioration in the condition, the risk to the pregnant woman and the fetus, and to the newborn after delivery.

The study originality consists in the use of mutual combinations of AMPK and SIRT1 activators and inhibitors in well-established experimental model of drug/acetaminophen-induced primary rat hepatocyte injury. Unlike others, the results suggest that SIRT1-mediated hepatoprotective effects could be partially AMPK independent providing the differentiated modulation of AMPK and SIRT1 activity for hepatocyte injury treatment.

This article describes growth retardation and change in facial appearance with development of moon face as the first symptoms of CS. Growth retardation is prior to development of moon face. CRH test and BIPSS contribute to confirming the diagnosis of CD and excluding ectopic ACTH syndrome in children with invisible adenoma on MRI.

The authors confirmed that the most common abnormalities leading to retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in patients under 50 years were systemic cardiovascular diseases, particularly arterial hypertension and hyperlipidaemia, and we found out that the risk factors for central RVO (CRVO), hemi-central RVO (HRVO) and branch RVO (BRVO) were similar. To the best of our knowledge, this is the only study to date which has examined the difference between RF presence in CRVO and HRVO patients compared to BRVO patients under the age of 50.

Postdischarge nausea and vomiting (PDNV) is the main cause of patient´s discomfort, worsens postoperative morbidity and put the child at risk of dehydrataion, dehiscence of surgical wound, bleeding and hospital readmission in the most serious cases. This paper reviews currently available data on the incidence, risk factors and management of postdischarge nausea and vomiting (PDNV) in pediatric patients. This narrative review is extended by an observational study of the incidence of PDNV.

This case report describes the management of treatment of HCL in a 53-year-old woman who developed a rare lung condition as part of the activity of the hematological disease. The authors present the differential diagnosis of pulmonary disease in patients with HCL and the treatment approach in these patients.

Two cases of BCG pneumonitis described in this study highlight the necessity to consider systemic BCG infection in patients after intravesical BCG therapy. Uncommon complications of bacillus Calmette-Guérin administration could be very serious and threaten the life of patients treated with this modality. Treatment with specific antituberculotic medication underlines the importance of correct diagnosis.

This work presents case reports of two patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with previous COVID19 that both patients survived. The sense of smell was investigated subjectively using sniffin' stick tests and objectively using objective olfactometry by the evaluation of olfactory event-related potentials (OERPs). Despite the severe course of post-covid GBS, no olfactory disturbance was detected. Both patients had good results on the smell tests. OERPs were plentiful in both cases.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Catheter ablation is currently the most effective treatment for AF. PVI as a treatment for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with a high success rate; however, outcomes for treating persistent and long-standing persistent AF with PVI alone are substantially lower. Since pulmonary vein isolation by itself is rarely sufficient in the treatment of non-paroxysmal AF, a variety of techniques have been developed to increase the efficacy of CA for non-paroxysmal AF. Different approaches include PVI-only, PVI + linear ablations, and a stepwise approach, depending on the surgeon's skills, preference, and experience. New methods such as pulsed-field ablation, using ultra-short electrical pulses, appear to be very promising.

XGJZ-containing serum was obtained from obese rats treated with the XGJZ formula. The authors confirmed that XGJZ-containing serum can inhibit the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes, reduce the expression of lipogenic transcription factors, lipid accumulation, and lipid metabolism-related enzyme activity in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, thereby improving the risk of obesity and obesity-related diseases. It provides evidence for the mechanism of obesity

MAIT cell abundance detected before myeloablative conditioning and autologous stem cell transplantation predicts the course of myeloid aplasia. The number of MAIT cells negatively correlated with peak C-reactive protein level and the amount of red blood cell transfusion units resulting in earlier discharge of patients with the most abundant MAIT cells.

Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is implicated in a variety of diseases, but it is not extensively studied in relation to reproductive physiology. An increase in GGT activity is associated with alterations in a specific fractional pattern of distinct molecular mass forms. In this study, seminal GGT forms were estimated and, for the first time, annotated with underlying patterns of sialylated and mannosylated glycoproteins. The GGT-associated glycoprotein patterns were established as an adjunct reference parameter to differentiate between known GGT molecular mass forms. These emerge as new targets for evaluation of its biomarker potential.

The "qNOX" index for the Conox monitor was predicted to be responsive to the probability of reaction to nociceptive stimulation during general anaesthesia. The results show that the qNOX index does not reflect development of detectable signs related to nociceptive stimulation during adult cardiac surgery and could be affected by simultaneous use of muscle relaxants.

This case report details the diagnostic work-up in a young woman with clinical presentation of heterotopic pancreas. Here, imaging and endoscopic findings of a newly diagnosed submucosal mass in the gastric antrum are well described. Technical issues of endosonographically-navigated drainage of symptomatic fluid collection in heterotopic pancreas with a plastic double pigtail stent under fluoroscopic control are also presented. Fluid collections after acute pancreatitis in heterotopic pancreas can be successfully managed by endoscopy.

This study evaluated the amount of TREC in a group of risk newborns and found a significant association between low TREC values and the occurrence of sepsis. The authors identified an association between mortality in preterm neonates with sepsis in patients with TREC < 5th percentile and they hypothesize that low TREC values may be a surrogate marker for mortality in preterm neonates.

This study breaks new ground by investigating Tibolone’s potential as a therapeutic agent in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), an area largely unexplored previously. By delving into Tibolone’s effects on biomarkers like SIRT1 and YAP, as well as its impact on inflammatory and oxidative processes, it sheds light on its promising role in mitigating renal damage. The findings underscore Tibolone’s potential as a novel intervention for sepsis-associated AKI, urging further research for translational application in clinical settings.

Inflammatory periodontal diseases are related to dental plaque formation and are influenced by its microbial composition and the host immune system. The dry socket (alveolar osteitis), which may occur as an inflammatory complication after third molar extraction, is similar in many ways. For this reason, efforts are currently underway to formulate preparations that inhibit dental plaque formation and suppress inflammation. The results of this pilot study show that the combination of the phenolic fraction of Lonicera caerulea fruit and Macleaya cordata alkaloids has beneficial effects on antioxidant imbalance and inflammation both in vitro and in a clinical study.