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The thromboprophylactic protocol using a standard fixed dose of enoxaparin very efficiently prevents deep vein thrombosis in a mixed ICU population including high risk patients. Measured low levels of anti-Xa activity are not associated with DVT incidence.

Patients with cervicogenic headache had a higher stiffness of the sternocleidomastoid muscle than healthy volunteers. The stiffness of the trapezius muscle did not differ. Elastography could be used as a diagnostic tool in cervicogenic headache.

The authors present a case of paraneoplastic pemphigus expanding the spectrum of known associated internal malignancies describing concomitant tonsillar HPV associated squamous cell carcinoma. The oral presentation of paraneoplastic pemphigus was the first manifestation of this malignancy allowing its early detection by the whole-body 18F-FDG PET/MRI and subsequent successful treatment.

This article decribes growth retardation, growth hormone deficiency and cystic ovarian teratoma as new possible symptoms in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2B.

The regulatory relationships of hsa-miR-513b/ CDC6, CCNB1, CCNA2 and hsa-miR-342-5p /AURKA were verified in the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network and related to tumor differentiation and overall survival.

Two intravenous doses or combined regimen are preferable routes of administration of tranexamic acid in patients undergoing primary knee arthroplasty. Simple topical administration was not as effective as other tested regimens but could be indicated in cases of contraindications to systemic administration.

This article reviews the role of biomarkers that could be used in the diagnosis and treatment of pelviureteral junction obstruction in children.

Arterial stiffness and aortic stenosis share similar cardiovascular risk factors and they are frequently associated, leading to increased left ventricular afterload. Even though accurate estimation of arterial stiffness in AoS is challenging, the coexistence of an increased pulsatile load may influence patient outcome before as well as after aortic valve replacement.

In this article, the authors report on IL-8 polymorphisms and their association with periodontitis. Various studies analyse different polymorphisms and their association with periodontitis, but conflicting results regarding the disease relation to IL-8 polymorphisms are being apprised. In this paper, the focus is on the genetic aspect of periodontitis.

Aims. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in IOL position (axial shift, tilt and decentration) in the capsular bag after Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy and to create a user-friendly software that is optimized for the output of available imaging technology, then verify the relationship between the biometric parameters of the eye and the extent of changes in the IOL position. Patients and Methods. The study included 35 artephakic eyes that underwent laser capsulotomy. Before and at least one hour after capsulotomy, all patients underwent the following assessments: optical biometry (Lenstar LS900), OCT with anterior segment module (Optovue Avanti) and IOL photography in infrared mode using reference unit (Verion). The original software solution was designed for the graphical evaluation of the differences between centering, axial displacement and tilt of IOL. Changes in IOL position were evaluated as simple differences before and after the laser procedure and as differences in absolute values (abs). Results. The following results show the average differences in IOL position: ACD=0.02±0.23 mm (abs=0.11±0.20 mm), IOL decentration in x-axis = -0.001±0.091 mm (abs=0.065±0.063 mm), IOL decentration in y-axis =0.012±0.119 mm (abs=0.048±0.53 mm), tilt in horizontal plane TILT-H=0.11±0.83° (abs=0.51±0.66°) and tilt in vertical plane TILT-V = -0.14±0.49° (abs=0.26±0.44°). All changes were insignificant (P>>0.05). In total, 74.29% of IOLs showed a hypermetropic shift. A moderate positive correlation was found between the absolute differences in horizontal tilt and keratometry (r=0.45). Relationship with other changes and parameters were weak. Conclusion. In conclusion, the use of the original software solution developed by the authors showed that changes in IOL centering, axial displacement and tilt occur after Nd:YAG capsulotomy, but average differences were insignificant. In almost 3/4 cases, there was a hypermetropic axial displacement of the IOL.

This paper presents a previously unpublished case of combined true transsphenoid meningoencephalocele and pituitary adenoma in an adult individual.

This case report describes a patient with lung adenocarcinoma harbouring a mutation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), treated with several lines of therapy including targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors. A rare transformation of lung adenocarcinoma into small-cell lung cancer was confirmed by biopsies and by the finding of EGFR mutation in the sample of SCLC, which otherwise is never found in SCLC. This is the first case of a well proven transformation of lung adenocarcinoma into SCLC in our department, and also in Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic to be published.

Odontogenic keratocysts, skeletal abnormalities and multiple basal cell carcinomas are the main kriteria for clinical manifestation of nevoid basal cell carcinoma (NBCCS, Gorlin Goltz syndrome). Mutations of PTCH1 gene are thought to be the cause of this disease. These abnormalities can be transmitted from one generation to another and lead to a familial occurence of the disease. The authors found a familial manifestation of NBCCS in two pairs of patients. With regard to the possibility of familial occurence of NBCCS, it is necessary to pay increased attention to family history and, if necessary, to ensure clinical and genetic examination of parents and other family members.

Ampullary duodenal/intestinal adenocarcinomas (ADAC) are smaller than non-ampullary forms (NADAC), with a higher rate of lymph node metastases, but with a better prognosis and longer-term outcome in the described cohort. Oral location of non-ampullary forms is associated with worse OS. Perineural invasion and postoperative oncological therapy were significant prognostic factors for OS in the ADAC, but the total number of lymph nodes and lymph node ratio were most significant for disease free survival in the NADAC patients. To our knowledge, this is the only retrospective observational cohort study on duodenal adenocarcinomas in the Czech Republic and probably Central Europe.

Tin filtration reduces the effective doses of low-dose CT on sacroiliac joints to values lower than X-ray. Tin-filtrated ultra-low-dose CT offers better overall diagnostic performance than conventional radiography. Tin-filtrated ultra-low-dose CT is a suitable method of first choice for the evaluation of sacroiliac joints in patients suffering from axial spondyloarthritis.

This paper focuses on potential novel diagnostic markers MMP 19 and RAGE in inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer.

Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with piritramide is associated with higher opioid consumption, leads to better pain relief with slightly worse safety profile in comparison with intramuscular application. Variant OPRM1 118G allele is associated with decreased pain relief after piritramide.

The authors performed the study to find out whether changes of the retina structure occur in patients after elective surgery using optical coherence tomography examination.  No morphological retinal changes induced by surgery or combined general and epidural anesthesia were found.

If hearing preservation in vestibular schwannoma surgery is still an uncertain outcome, then achieving postoperative hearing improvement is quite rare. The presented case report describes an improvement in hearing after vestibular schwannoma surgery and discusses the prognostic factors for achieving this result.

More and more articles suggest that warfarin may be involved in the progression of systemic atherosclerosis. It inhibits the synthesis and activity of Matrix-Gla-Protein, which is the major vitamin K-dependent inhibitor of arterial calcification – an active process associated with atherosclerosis, stimulated by inflammatory mechanisms. Warfarin administered in experimental animal models increased the number of aortic calcifications and in clinical trials – the coronary atheroma calcification. Some NOAC reduce the inflammatory process in the vascular walls and stabilize the coronary atherosclerotic process.

The authors present a case of extremely rare, recurrent metastatic apocrine adenocarcinoma of the ocular orbit which was primarily managed with multiple eye-sparing excisions and adjuvant proton therapy. Due to a locoregional recurrence, salvage surgery including partial orbitectomy with orbital exenteration and neck dissection was performed, previously not reported in the literature. A cervical lymphocele as a rare complication of this procedure was successfully treated with extirpation and thoracic duct perforation repair. The management of ocular adnexal apocrine adenocarcinoma is based only on the sporadic cases encountered in literature. Current recommendations for the treatment of cervical lymphoceles following neck dissections were adapted from experiences with the therapy of these lesions in other localizations. To increase the knowledge of these pathological conditions among ophthalmologists, maxillofacial and head and neck surgeons, a literature review of all published cases was conducted.

This study aimed to determine whether detection of calprotectin in resection margins is useful as a marker for relapse of Crohn's disease. While this was not confirmed, we found other interesting laboratory/ histological markers.

The article describes the 3D technique of ultrasound scanning as an auxiliary diagnostic tool in the examination of the corpus callosum and vermis cerebella during evaluation of the detailed morphology of the fetus in II. trimester of pregnancy. It presents the success and quality of scanning results in two examined planes, in relation as well to maternal factors.

In this pilot study, the authors found subtle metabolic changes in the upper brainstem detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in patients within 3 days after mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) with post-traumatic loss of consciousness (LOC).  Similar 1H-MRS studies on the relationship between LOC and the brainstem in MTBI are absent in the medical literature to date. The findings indicate that 1H-MRS maybe a potential biomarker for MTBI associated with LOC.

This review article provides current insights into the causes, mechanism, preventive and management strategies of SCD. It points out the gaps in our knowledge, especially risk stratification and it describes current research trends.

The short- and long-term outcomes of radical surgical therapy of distal cholangiocarcinoma are evaluated in this paper. The authors demonstrate that vascular resection is the most serious negative prognostic factor for long-term survival in surgically treated patients with distal cholangiocarcinoma. Surgical mortality occurs in a significant group of patients who die in the first year following pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Endoscopic ear surgery is associated with less postoperative pain and smaller consumption of painkillers than the conventional microscopic ear surgery. It is rather the transmeatal approach, and not the endoscope itself that reduces postoperative pain.

This paper reports the incidence of residual refractive error following implantation of the PhysIOL FineVision Micro F trifocal IOL, and the refractive outcomes following laser revision surgery. Residual refractive error rates were low, but in cases where laser revision surgery was required, both LASIK and PRK surgery successfully corrected the residual error.

The efficacy and safety of riociguat (an oral stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase) is demonstrated in a randomized clinical trial in patients with inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) or residual pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA). The study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of riociguat in a real-world sample of 51 patients with inoperable CTEPH or residual pulmonary hypertension after PEA. The results confirm that riociguat therapy even in a real-world population significantly improves d functional NYHA class, distance in the 6MWD test and quality of life.

The authors report a case of a patient in whom an oral carcinoma developed on the site of a smokers' lesion - an oral white lesion considered completely benign by guidelines - after its full regression. An autofluorescent device VELscope was instrumental in the discovery of the carcinoma.