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Background and Aims: There is evidence of differences in p63 expression in HNSCC (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma) tumours of different sub-sites within the oral cavity which appear to have an important role in CD44 regulation. The aim of this study was to investigate CD44 expression in HNSCC tumours in different areas of the oral cavity. Methods: Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded oral squamous cell carcinoma specimens from 29 patients were investigated. Expression of CD44s was detected by immunohistochemistry with specific CD44 antibodies and analysed using the H-score. The samples were classified by anatomic location (tongue; floor of the mouth; gingiva and other group included hard palate, tonsils, naso- and oropharynx) and histological tumour grade (G1 and G2-G3). Fischer's exact test with a Bonferroni correction was used for the statistical analysis. Results: Positive immunostaining for CD44s in carcinomas of the tongue was significantly lower (0%) than that of the floor of the mouth (85%; P=0.003) or other group (100%; P=0.003). No statistically significant differences in CD44s expression were found for different histological tumour grades. Conclusions: The results indicate that CD44 expression is strongly reduced in tongue tumours compared with other sub-sites within the oral cavity. This should be taken into consideration in assessing the prognostic value of CD44s in this tumour group.

Direct visual monitoring of micro-vascular flaps is still generally and preferentially used. In cases where the flap is not exposed - buried or semi-buried flap, direct visual monitoring is not straightforward. However, apart from a few exceptions, each micro-surgical flap can be designed as a composite which includes a skin island that can serve as a direct monitor of flap viability. This review describes all the published techniques for externalising part of a buried flap. It also defines which tissues are suitable to be used as an externalised component of the flap and summarises the principles that need to be observed to achieve the greatest reliability and validity of the externalised flap's segment monitoring.

The efficacy and safety of riociguat (an oral stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase) is demonstrated in a randomized clinical trial in patients with inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) or residual pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA). The study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of riociguat in a real-world sample of 51 patients with inoperable CTEPH or residual pulmonary hypertension after PEA. The results confirm that riociguat therapy even in a real-world population significantly improves d functional NYHA class, distance in the 6MWD test and quality of life.

CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to develop new experimental models of acute myeloid leukemia for a better understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in leukemogenesis. The CRISPR/Cas9 system is used to understand drug resistance and find solutions to overcome it. The therapeutic progress achieved using the CRISPR/Cas9 system is remarkable and allows us to get closer to achieving the goal of curing acute myeloid leukemia in the coming decades.

The authors evaluate the sensitivity of 3 basic examinations (physical examination, ultrasound and CT of the neck) that are performed to detect lymph node metastases in oral cavity tumors. By combining these three methods we achieved 86% sensitivity, which, given the cost and availability of examinations, is a satisfying result. We also note that more expensive methods with higher sensitivity and specificity (PET / CT, MRI, US guided FNAC) should be added if there is suspicion of cervical lymph node metastases.

Transgenic MPN mouse models combined with reporter systems are powerful tools for testing novel drugs and drug combinations for the treatment of MPN.

This paper tried to examine an interrelation between low dose metallic content and a lymphocyte-driven response of periprosthetic tissues. Growing concentrations of prosthetic particles in time is associated with non-specific and complex periprosthetic tissue response including areas of lymphocytic infiltrations. However, specific metal-induced changes have not been observed.

The authors report a case of a patient in whom an oral carcinoma developed on the site of a smokers' lesion - an oral white lesion considered completely benign by guidelines - after its full regression. An autofluorescent device VELscope was instrumental in the discovery of the carcinoma.

The first report on serial BNP monitoring in out-patients with a continuous-flow LVAD. BNP changes allow identification of clinical events with the need for further diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.

Diagnostic criteria allow for reliable detection of internal carotid artery stenosis and thus select appropriate therapeutic options.

A prospective, randomized, double-blinded and controlled study compared non-leaching central venous catheter (Certofix® protect) with a standard catheter (Certofix®). There was no difference for catheter colonization rates between the coated and uncoated catheter. However, the coated central venous catheter showed a significantly lower incidence of bloodstream infections and a significantly lower mean incidence of bloodstream infections per 1000 catheter days.

Neither AF inducibility or the presence or absence of its early spontaneous termination after pulmonary vein isolation under general anaesthesia in paroxysmal AF patients are useful as predictors of arrhythmia recurrence during 12 months after ablation. The clinical usefulness of rapid atrial stimulation / AF induction in paroxysmal AF patients after pulmonary veins isolation remains questionable.

Bone is the second most commonly transplanted tissue. For large-scale bone injuries, it is necessary to use optimal bone replacements, often made of titanium or titanium alloys. Insufficient healing can lead to serious complications. The surface of a titanium implant needs to be treated to increase its roughness. This will improve cell adhesion and following implant osseointegration. In this review, the authors explain and compare methods currently used for treating titanium implants aimed at improving the bone-implant contact and reducing the risk of complications.

The article provides an up-to-date overview of the current awareness of a new type of coronavirus. It is introduced with current information on the course of COVID-19 infections. The authors further offer recommendations on how to proceed with possible modification of immunomodulatory therapy in multiple sclerosis in the light of COVID-19 infection, since it is more difficult for physicians to recommend appropriate therapy if a patient develops COVID-19, especially if the patient is also suffering from another disease that may be exacerbated by a new type of coronavirus.

This investigation characterizes the features of a healthy subject's peripheral blood B lymphocytes infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) using the multi-parametric flow cytometry technique. EBV-infected B cells are predominantly immunoglobulin M (IgM)+ memory or IgA+ plasmablasts. In comparison to uninfected counterparts, the population of EBV-infected B cells is significantly reduced for upper respiratory tract homing α4β1 integrin and enriched for peripheral lymph node targeting CCR7 positive cells, indicating significant deviation in their migratory and maturation profile.

Carcinoma of the oral cavity is connected with the human papillomavirus. A number of surveys have found that the origin of oropharyngeal cancers is etiologically associated with this high-risk HPV, but in OSCC the presence of HPV is uncommon. Most studies have shown high prevalence of HPV in OPCS (73%), but patients with OSCC have a low infection rate of HPV (4%). Our clinical experience is that there is a marked difference in the prevalence of HPV positivity in OPCS and OSCC patients.

Comparing Endosonography-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration (EUS-FNA) and Key-Hole Biopsy (KHB) in tissue diagnosis of upper gastrintestinal SET, the authors confirm that both deep biopsy methods are safe, high-yielding, and equally useful for deep tissue sampling of the upper gastrointestinal SET . EUS-FNA and KHB could be recommended in the future, for the purposes of confirming cytological / histological diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal SETs ≥2 cm, where pathological diagnosis is a sine qua non for management. They also conclude that neither methods can predict the prognostic mitotic index in the case of gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

This initial experience and preliminary results confirm the safety of the combined treatment modality of CRS/HIPEC although the results are limited by the size and heterogeneity of the cohort. More complications were seen in HIPEC with oxaliplatin in the presented cohort.

In this review, the authors have assembled the literature on neurophysiological and functional imaging sequelae of mechanical pressure stimulation motivated by its clinical applications, including reflex locomotion therapy. The authors highlight the limited amount of research devoted to this stimulus modality, emphasise current knowledge gaps, present recent developments in the field and highlight the evidence awaiting replication or confirmation in future neuroimaging studies.

The authors present a case series of osteoporotic patients suffering from MRONJ including severe complications (deep neck space infection, orbital celullitis, oroantral communication with rhinosinusitis and pathological fracture of the mandible). The uniform diagnostic and surgical protocol using fluorescence-guided surgery and various reconstructive techniques (mylohyoid flap, buccal fat pad flap and virtual surgical planning for prebending mandibular reconstruction plates) is described. The outcomes of 32 lesions in 26 patients with long-term follow-up are presented in this paper.

Study of the tear and ocular tissue metabolome may help us understand the metabolism of normal ocular tissues and mechanisms in disease, to discover inter-individual variations within the ocular environment and, thus improve diagnosis and prognosis. Metabolomic profiling of tear, aqueous humor and vitreous samples is useful for identifying biomarkers for more precise diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.

The subject, visceral fat and insulin resistance in obese patients is topical and much published. This review covers current knowledge of the subject complemented by an original table and two pictures that have not been published anywhere. The paragraph "Conclusions and future directions" is also unique because these solutions have not been proposed to date.

This review covers the role of Nrf2 and NF-κB during the skin restoration process and evaluates whether they can be used as markers.

This review provides insight into polymyxin resistance in bacteria with regard to changes in the outer membrane, efflux and other resistance determinants. Better knowledge of the genes involved in polymyxin resistance should pave the way for the development of new and more effective antimicrobial agents. The authors also report novel in silico tested primers for PCR assay that may distinguish colistin-resistant isolates carrying the plasmid-encoded mcr genes.

This review covers possible changes in the anterior segment of the eye after uncomplicated pars plana vitrectomy. The goal was to provide clinically-related conclusions from the studies as there are almost no comprehensive clinical reviews on this subject.

The authors present a study comparing the strategy of early and standard discharge in selected patients after myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation (STEMI). The results show the possibility and safety of a length of hospital stay of 48-72 h and further support the recently released new version of ESC guidelines for STEMI in terms of the level of evidence for the strategy with the shorter recommended length of hospital stay.

Mucosal administration systems offer an alternative to the oral route when the latter is not tolerated, contraindicated or refused. Perindopril arginine and Amlodipine besylate are registered in the EU in the form of orodispersible tablets for mucosal delivery, however, they are not available in all countries. Antihypertensive drugs Captopril and Nitrendipine administered sublingually are commonly used in hypertensive urgencies. Metoprolol tartrate suppositories have only been tested in pharmacokinetic studies in humans. Propranolol suppositories have been reported clinically in a case report. Furosemide suppositories have been tested in animals, but there are no reports of their use in humans. New insights into a practical approach: a) First use of Furosemide-containing suppositories in a human subject. b) A successful regimen of four different antihypertensive drugs administered long-term via the mucosal route (rectal Furosemide and Metoprolol tartrate combined with sublingual Captopril and Nitrendipine).

Recent scientific discoveries have to a large extent elucidated the hallmarks of aging. The stage is now set for research on anti-aging interventions. Model organisms provide essential platforms for aging research. This review provides in- depth knowledge on the model organisms which can mimic aging in higher animals and humans

Uncomplicated cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment can be effectively treated with 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells are an attractive therapeutic approach in regenerative medicine. This review summarizes the achievements and failures of current in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies that seek to provide evidence for MSC efficacy in cardiology.