Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. X:X | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2025.029

Effects of intravesical cocktail instillation on outcomes and serum pain factors of patients with bladder pain syndrome

Yunpeng Jia1, Yuanning Zhang2, Bo Wang1, Junjia Shi3
1 Department of Urology, TCM Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
2 Department of Urology, Renhuai People's Hospital, Renhuai 564500, Guizhou Province, China
3 Department of Urology, Wenzhou TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China

Aims: We aimed to assess the effects of intravesical cocktail instillation on the outcomes and serum pain factors of patients with bladder pain syndrome (BPS).

Methods: The clinical data of 86 female BPS patients hospitalized between March 2017 and March 2024 were collected for retrospective analysis. All patients were treated with oral medication (amitriptyline) + local intravesical instillation of drugs, and then assigned to a control group (sodium hyaluronate intravesical instillation) and a research group [intravesical instillation of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) + chondroitin sulfate (CS) + low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) cocktail].

Results: The research group (n=43) had lower urination frequency in 24 h, Pelvic Pain and Urgency/Frequency Patient Symptom Scale score, and O'Leary-Sant interstitial cystitis symptom index and interstitial cystitis problem index, as well as larger single urination volume than those of the control group (n=43) after 3 and 6 months of treatment (P<0.05). In the serum, the levels of substance P (SP), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), neuropeptide Y (NPY), β-endorphin (β-EP), and dopamine (DA) declined in the two groups after 1 month of treatment in comparison to the pre-treatment levels. The levels of SP, 5-HT, PGE2, and NPY were lower, while the levels of β-EP and DA were higher in the research group than those in the control group (P<0.05).

Conclusion: The intravesical instillation of DMSO + CS + LMWH cocktail is superior in long-term outcomes. It is more conducive to improving the levels of serum pain factors, with a good safety profile and without increasing adverse reactions.

Keywords: bladder pain syndrome, cocktail, intravesical instillation, outcome

Received: April 27, 2025; Revised: September 3, 2025; Accepted: October 6, 2025; Prepublished online: November 11, 2025 

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