Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. X:X | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.036

Association of biomarkers of cardiac remodeling, myocardial fibrosis and inflammation with parameters of heart function and structure in patients with arterial hypertension

Tana Andreasova¹, Filip Malek^{1, 2}, Zuzana Jiraskova Zakostelska³, Petr Neuzil², Jana Vranova⁴

¹ Department of Internal Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

² Cardiovascular Center, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic

³ Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic

⁴ Department of Medical Biophysics and Medical Informatics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

Backround and Aims. Early evaluation of cardiac remodeling may be useful in predicting heart failure in patients with arterial hypertension. The identification of biomarkers as useful clinical tools in this regard is ongoing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of selected cardiac biomarkers levels with parameters of cardiac structure and function in patients with arterial hypertension.

Patients and Methods: Included in the study were patients with arterial hypertension with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LV EF) and absence of signs of heart failure. The levels of selected biomarkers: NT-proBNP, sST2, Galectin-3, GDF-15, Cystatin C, TIMP-1 and ceruloplasmin were measured and assessed together with other biochemical and echocardiographic parameters.

Results: A total of 92 patients (61% men) mean age 61.5 years were included. Mean LV EF was 64.7% and mean LV mass index was 91.7 g/m2. NT-proBNP level correlated significantly with the parameters of LV diastolic function: velocity of E wave (r=0.377, P<0.002), and with E/A ratio, (r=0.455, P<0.0001), with E lat (r=-0.354, P=0.006), E/E' ratio, r=0.393, P<0.002, with ePAP (r=0.390, P=0.014), and with age (r=0.384, P<0.0001). Statistically significant correlations for GDF-15 were as follows: with age (r=0.426, P<0.0001) and left atrial diameter (LA) (r=0.401, P<0.0001), for Cystatin C there are statistically significant correlation with age (r=0.288, P=0.006) and LA (r=0.329, P=0.004). Only sST2 level correlated significantly with parameters of cardiac structure: with LV mass (r=0.290, P<0.01) and LV mass index (r=0.307, P=0.012) and with posterior wall thickness PW (r=0.380, P<0.001). No other observed variables including Galectin-3 and TIMP-1, correlated significantly with age or echocardiographic variables. In a comparison of patients with and without left ventricular hypertrophy, statistically significant differences were found only in LA (P<0.0001) and sST2 (P=0.004). In a multivariate logistic regression, sST2 and TIMP were independent predictors of left ventricular hypertrophy.

Conclusion: NT-proBNP level as a biomarker of cardiac remodeling correlated with parameters of LV diastolic function in patients with arterial hypertension. Soluble ST2 correlated with parameters of cardiac structure. Biomarkers sST2 and TIMP-1 were associated with left ventricular hypertrophy.

Keywords: arterial hypertension, biomarkers, cardiac structure, heart function, NT-proBNP, sST2, TIMP-1

Received: July 30, 2024; Revised: October 22, 2024; Accepted: October 23, 2024; Prepublished online: November 6, 2024