Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2012, 156(1):7-13 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2011.060

The in vitro antimicrobial activity of silicone oils used in ophthalmic surgery

Oldrich Chrapeka, Renata Vecerovab, Dagmar Koukalovab, Klara Maresovaa, Barbora Jirkovaa, Martin Sina, Jiri Rehaka
a Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
b Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc

Background: The aim of the study was in vitro assessment and comparison of the antimicrobial activity of three types of silicone oils used in ophthalmic surgery.

Methods: The silicone oils (Arciolane 1300 centistokes, Arciolane 5500 centistokes and Oxane Hd, heavy silicone oil) were inoculated with microbes common in endophthalmitis and their growth was observed continuously. Control tests of microbial growth were performed on silicone oil-free media, i.e. saline and standard enrichment media. In both tested oils and control media, the microbes were cultured aerobically for 21 days, bacteria at 37 °C and yeasts and fungi at 30 °C. Prior to and during incubation at given intervals (days 0, 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, 18 and 21), 10 μl samples were taken from all test tubes. These were diluted in saline in a series of test tubes, with the minimum concentration reaching 10-8. From each dilution, 25 μl were inoculated onto agar media. After 24 h of aerobic incubation at 37 °C (bacteria) and 48 h at 30 °C (yeasts and fungi), the grown colonies were counted and the numbers of colony-forming units in 1 ml (CFU/ml) were determined.

Results: In vitro, the highest antimicrobial effect was observed for the Oxane Hd silicone oil.

Conclusions: If endophthalmitis is treated by pars plana vitrectomy, the application of Oxane Hd silicone oil into the vitreous cavity at the end of surgery may contribute to the elimination of microorganisms from the intraocular space but clinical trials are needed to assess its safety.

Keywords: antimicrobial activity, endophthalmitis, silicone oil

Received: August 1, 2011; Accepted: October 25, 2011; Prepublished online: November 30, 2011; Published: March 1, 2012  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Chrapek, O., Vecerova, R., Koukalova, D., Maresova, K., Jirkova, B., Sin, M., & Rehak, J. (2012). The in vitro antimicrobial activity of silicone oils used in ophthalmic surgery. Biomedical papers, 156(1), 7-13. doi: 10.5507/bp.2011.060
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. McCuen BW, Landers MB, Machemer R. The use of silicone oil following failed vitrectomy for retinal detachment with advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1986;224:38-9. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    2. Abrams GW, Azen SP, McCuen BW 2nd, Flynn HW Jr, Lai MY, Ryan SJ. Vitrectomy with silicone oil or long-acting gas in eyes with severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy: results of additional and long-term follow-up. Silicone Study report 11. Arch Ophthalmol 1997;115:335-44. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    3. Cairns JD, Campbell WG. Vitrectomy techniques in the treatment of giant retinal tears: a flexible aproach. Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology 1988;16:209-14. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    4. Rizzo S, Genovesi-Ebert F, Belting C, Vento A, Cresti F. A pilot study on the use of silicone oil-RMN3 as heavier-than-water endotamponade agent. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2005;243:1153-7. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    5. Tognetto D, Minutola D, Sanguinetti G, Ravalico G. Anatomical and Functional Outcomes after Heavy Silicone Oil Tamponade in Vitreoretinal Surgery for Complicated Retinal Detachment: A Pilot Study. Ophthalmology 2005;112:1574.e1 - 1574.e8. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    6. Castellarin A, Grigorian R, Bhagat N, Del Priore L, Zarbin MA. Vitrectomy with silicone oil infusion in severe diabetic retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol 2003;87:318-21. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    7. Heimann K, Dahl B, Dimopoulos S, Lemmen KD. Pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil injection in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1989;227:152-6. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    8. Aras C, Ozdamar A, Karacorlu M, Ozkan S. Silicone oil in the surgical treatment of endophthalmitis associated with retinal detachment. Int Ophthalmol 2002;24:147-50. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    9. Kaynak S, Öner FH, Koçak N, Cingil G. Surgical management of postoperative endophthalmitis: comparison of 2 techniques. J Cataract Refract Surg 2003;29:966-9. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    10. Yoon YH, Lee SU, Sohn JH, Lee SE. Result of early vitrectomy for endogenous Klebsiella pneumoniae endophthalmitis. Retina 2003;23:366-70. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    11. Isenberg HD. Clinical microbiology procedures handbook. Washington DC: ASM Press; 2004.
    12. Aaberg TM, Flynn HW, Schiffman J, Newton J. Nosocomial acute-onset postoperative endophthalmitis survey. Ophthalmology 1998;105:1004-10. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    13. Endophthalmitis vitrectomy study group. Results of the endophthalmitis vitrectomy study. A randomized trial of immediate vitrectomy and of intravenous antibiotics for the treatment of postoperative bacterial endophthalmitis. Arch Ophthalmol 1995;113:1479-96. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    14. Lehmann OJ, Thompson JP, White LO, Keys MF, Campbell MJ. Half-life of intracameral gentamicin after phacoemulsification. J Cataract Refract Surg 1997;23:883-8. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    15. Norregaard JC, Thoning H, Bernth-Petersen P, Andersen TF, Javitt JC, Anderson GF. Risk of endophthalmitis after cataract extraction: results from the International cataract surgery outcomes study. Br J Ophthalmol 1997;81:102-6. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    16. Sandvig KU, Dannevig L. Postoperative endophthalmitis: Establishment and results of a national registry. J Cataract Refract Surg 2003;29:1273-80. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    17. Ernest J, Rejmont L, Pasta J, Nemec P. Endophthalmitis after operation of cataract. Cesk Slov Oftalmol. 2000;56:351-6. Go to PubMed...
    18. Apt L, Isenberg SJ, Yoshimori R, Chang A, Lam GC, Wachler B, Neumann D. The effect of povidone-iodine solution applied at the conclusion of ophthalmic surgery. Am J Ophthalmol 1995;119:701-5. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    19. Arsan AK, Adisen A, Duman S, Aslan B, Kocak I. Acute endophthalmitis outbreak after cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 1996;22:1116-20. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    20. Doft BH, Kelsey SF, Wisniewski S, Metz DJ, Lobes L, Rinkoff J, Davis M, Kassoff A. Treatment of endophthalmitis after cataract extraction. Retina 1994;14:297-304. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    21. Endophthalmitis vitrectomy study group. Microbiologic factors and visual outcome in the endophthalmitis vitrectomy study. Am J Ophthalmol 1996;122:830-46.
    22. Speaker MG, Menikoff JA. Prophylaxis of endophthalmitis with topical povidone-iodine. Ophthalmology 1991;98:1769-75. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    23. Maresova K, Kalitova J, Simicak J, Rehak J. The ultrasound findings in posttraumatic endophthalmitis. Cesk Slov Oftalmol 2006;62:125-32. Go to PubMed...
    24. Reynolds DS, Flynn HW Jr. Endophthalmitis after penetrating ocular trauma. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 1997;832-8. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    25. Okada AA, Johnson RP, Liles WC, D Amico DJ, Baker AS. Endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis: Report of a ten-year retrospective study. Ophthalmology 1994;101:832-8. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    26. Shrader SK, Band JD, Lauter CB, Murphy P. The clinical spectrum of endophthalmitis. Incidence, predisposing factors, and features influencing outcome. J Infect Dis 1990;162:115-20. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    27. Zhang YQ, Wang WJ. Treatment outcomes after pars plana vitrectomy for endogenous endophthalmitis. Retina 2005;25:746-50. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    28. Schiedler V, Scott IU, Flynn HW Jr, Davis JL, Benz MS, Miller D. Culture-proven endogenous endophthalmitis: Clinical features and visual acuity outcomes. Am J Ophthalmol 2004;137:725-31. Go to original source...
    29. Wong JS, Chan TK, Lee HM, Chee SP. Endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis. An east Asian experience and a reappraisal of a severe ocular affliction. Ophthalmology 2000;107:1483-91. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    30. Jackson TL, Eykyn SJ, Graham EM, Stanford MR. Endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis: A 17-year prospective series and review of 267 reported cases. Surv Ophthalmol 2003;48:403-20. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    31. Chen YJ, Kuo HK, Wu PC, Kuo ML, Tsai HH, Liu CC, Chen CH. A 10-year comparison of endogenous endophthalmitis outcomes: An east Asian experience with Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. Retina 2004;24:383-90. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    32. Nakamura K, Refojo MF, Crabtree DV, Pastor J, Leong FL. Ocular toxicity of low-molecular-weight components of silicone and fluorosilicone oils. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1991;32:3007-20. Go to PubMed...
    33. Gabel VP, Kampik A, Burkhardt J. Analysis of intraocularly applied silicone oils of various origins. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1987;225:160-2. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    34. Özdamar A, Aras C, Ozturk R, Akin E, Karacorlu M, Ercikan C. In vitro antimicrobial activity of silicone oil against endophthalmitiscausing agents. Retina 1999;19:122-6. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    35. Theelen T, Tilanus MA, Klevering BJ. Intraocular inflammation following endotamponade with high-density silicone oil. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2004;242:617-20. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    36. Heimann H, Stappler T, Wong D. Heavy tamponade 1: a review of indications, use, and complications. Eye 2008;22:1342-59. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...

    Return to the content