RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
A1 Kaiserova, Michaela
A1 Grambalova, Zuzana
A1 Kurcova, Sandra
A1 Otruba, Pavel
A1 Prikrylova Vranova, Hana
A1 Mensikova, Katerina
A1 Kanovsky, Petr
T1 Premotor Parkinson's disease: Overview of clinical symptoms and current diagnostic methods
JF Biomedical papers
YR 2021
VO 165
IS 2
SP 103
OP 112
DO 10.5507/bp.2021.002
UL https://biomed.papers.upol.cz/artkey/bio-202102-0001.php
AB Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by typical motor symptoms. However, recent studies show several non-motor features that may precede the development of the motor symptoms of PD. The best known premotor symptoms include hyposmia, REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), constipation, and depression; other symptoms are excessive daytime somnolence, orthostatic hypotension and symptomatic hypotension, erectile or urinary dysfunction, musculoskeletal symptoms, pain, and global cognitive deficit. In this review, we summarize currently available diagnostic methods for these symptoms. We also briefly summarize neuroimaging, polyneuropathy, peripheral markers, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers that may be used in the early diagnosis of PD.